Week 3 Dietary Practices in Hinduism, Buddhism and Sikhism Flashcards
1
Q
Where is buddhism mostly practiced?
A
- India
- Japan, China, Korea
- Tibet Mongolia
- Southeast Asia
- Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Indionesia
2
Q
What is an important religious symbol in buddhism?
A
The Wheel of Darma
3
Q
What does the Wheel of Darma represent?
A
The wheel represents the endless cycle of rebirth (reincarnation) which can only be escaped by following Buddhist teachings
4
Q
Where did Buddhism originate?
A
Buddhism is a faith that was founded by Siddhartha Gautama (“the Buddha”) more than 2,500 years ago in India.
- spiritual leader who lived in ancient India
5
Q
What is Metta?
A
Buddhism
- positive energy and loviing kindness towards all things
- Right living
- abstain from taking of life
- abstain from consumption of intoxicants that cloud the mind
- any wrong behaviour will have to be paid for in another life
6
Q
What are some dietary resrictions in Buddhism?
A
- Dietary restrictions vary considerably
- lacto-oval-vegetarian so eat dairy products and meat
- nuns and monks might choose vegan
- Some believe if they were not responsible for killing an animal it is okay to eat
- May avoid the ‘five pungent foods’ to avoid exciting the senses.
7
Q
What are considered the 5 pungent foods in buddhism?
A
- garlic
- green onion
- leek
- chives
- onion
8
Q
What are some buddhist views on vegetarianism?
A
- vary between different schools of buddhism, and country/ state
- tibetan buddhists often eat meat
- Dalai Lama in only semi-vegetarian although he promotes vegetarian for medical reasons he must eat meat
9
Q
Who is Dalai Lama?
A
Spirital leader of tibetan buddhists
10
Q
What is ‘Buddhist Cuisine?
A
also called temple food and is vegan and vegetarian food that has emerged in East and southeast Asia
11
Q
Are mushrooms included in buddhist diet?
A
yes
12
Q
Why has buddhist cuisine increased in Asia?
A
mostly owing to people concerns about their health, as well as growing consciousness about food heritage and tradition.
13
Q
What is not used to season asian vegan food in buddhism?
A
allium (onion family)
14
Q
What is an important source of protein for asian buddhists who do not eat meat?
A
for chinese and japanese buddhists who abstain from meat, the soybean and tofu are important protein sources
- tofu skin, silken tofu etc.
15
Q
What type of religion is Hinduism?
A
polytheist religion: a bunch of gods are worshipped, although many beleive in one supreme god
16
Q
What was hinduism the foundation for?
A
- Jainism
- Buddhism
- Sikhism
17
Q
What is this symbol in Hinduism?
A
Symbol is Om or Aum
- A sacred sound
18
Q
How does Hinduism compare to other religions?
A
- worlds 3rd largest religion after Christianlty and Islam
- One of the oldest religions (~5,000 years old)
19
Q
What are the most popular eastern religions?
A
- hinduism
- Buddhism
- Sikhism
20
Q
Where is Hinduism practiced?
A
The dominant religion in India, Nepal, and among the Tamils in Sri Lanka
21
Q
How are food catogorized in Hinduism?
A
Foods are categorized based on their effects on ones mind, behaviour and health.
- eating ans spiritual advancement are intertwined
22
Q
What is Ayurveda?
A
Sanskrit: ayu-life; veda-knowledge of
An ancient Hindu system of medicine that uses food to maintain equilbrium in the body.
23
Q
How is Ayurveda incorporated into Hindu dietary practice?
A
Some decisions about eating are based on Ayurveda
24
Q
What are the three food categories in Hinduism?
A
- Sattvic
- Rajasic
- Tamasic
25
Saatvic foods are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
pure and wholesome
26
How are Sattvic foods viewed?
Foods good for mind and body in Hinduism
* pure wholesome foods that are calming to the mind and healthy for the body and will lead to spiritual development
* lactose vegetarian diet
27
What are some Sattvic foods?
milk and dairy products (e.g., ghee, paneer, whey, yogurt, yogurt drinks), grains, legumes, honey, nuts, fruits, vegetables
28
What animal is considered holy in hinduism?
Cows
29
What dairy product is considered pure in hinduism?
cow milk and products from cow milk are consdieed pure
30
What is milk a symbol of?
in Hindu, milk is considered a symbol of fertility and plenty
31
Why is beef not consumed in Hindu?
cows are very sacred and is held as holy mother and many avoid beef out of respect for the cow
32
What are common cow milk products in hinudism?
butter, ghee, curd, and apneer
33
How is ghee made?
Heating unsalted butter until the milk solids (proteins) rise to the top where they are skimmed off. Water continues to boil away leaving behind pure butter fat
* Butter contains more than 80% fat and 20% mostly water but also contains milk solids.
milk solids include: milk proteins, whey and casein.
34
How is ghee used in hindu dietary practices?
* Ghee is considered sacred and is used in religious rituals
* Ghee is used in Ayurveda medicine practice
* Ghee is used in cooking (e.g., to make lentils) to make sweets, and to put on rice or flatbread
35
How are curds made?
one of two ways:
1. made by coagulating milk by adding rennet (stomach of calf)
2. coagulating mikl by adding acid (e.g., lemon juice or vinegar)
this causes casein (milk proteins) to form a mass (curds)
36
How are curds made in Hindu dietary practice?
using acid to coagulate the milk
37
What are curds used to make in hindu dietary practices?
Curds are used to make paneer ( fresh unaged cheese)
* The curds, casein, are drained and separated from the whey (liquid left over after milk is curdled not the solid). Curds are pressed to form fresh cheese called paneer
38
What is Whey?
Once curds are removed what is leftover is the watery protein called whey
* by-product of curdling milk
* usually not discarded since it is rich in proteins and lactose
39
What is the difference between acid whey and sweet whey?
* acid whey is the liquid remaining after milk has been curdled with acid and strained
* sweet whey is the liquid remaining after milk has been curdled with rennet and strained
40
Rajasic foods are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
stimulating foods
41
How are Rajasic foods viewed?
They are considered stimulating foods that produce a restless mind and make a person aggressive and lustful
* many herbs and spices are used in south asian cooking, yet some devout hindus avoid them
42
What are some examples of Rajasic foods?
hot spices, garlic and onion; all animal flesh; eggs
43
Tamasic foods are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
dulling foods
44
How are tamasic food viewed?
foods that dull the mind and body or cause laziness
45
What are some tamasin foods?
alcohol, mushrooms, food that is stale, leftovers, or overripe foods
46
What foods do devout Hindus avoid for purity of mind and spirit?
* meat
* fish
* poulty
* eggs
* mushrooms
* alliums
* alcohol and narcotics
47
What is prasad?
in Hindu it is foods that have been blessed by god
* Sattvic
48
What dietary practices do lacto-vegetarians of hinduism follow?
* Follow ahisma
* eating, killing or harming an animal is bad karma
* Eat pure sattvic foods
* women more adherent to lacto-vegetarianism than men
49
What is ahisma?
not eating animals killed for food
50
Why do hindu laxto-vegetarians not eat eggs?
considered to contain the seed of life
51
Why is beef a problem in India and other HIndu places??
beef is caught in cultural, political and group identity struggles in India
* Some states have banned the slaughter of cows
52
How many practicing Hindus are meat eaters?
Hindus, who make up about 80% of INdian population, are prodominantly meat eaters
* people typically under report eating meat - particularly beef, and over report eating vegetarian food
53
If eating meat, which ones are typically consumed in hinduism?
usually sheep, mutton, goat, chicken or fish
54
Views around fasting in Hindu dietary practice
* Many fast days - the degree of fasting varies according to degree of orthodoxy
* particular gods being worshipped, death of family member
* fasting on auspicious days will bring prosperity and good fortune
* women more likely to fast then men
* fasting can be:
* complete (no food)
* only eat once a day
* eat only "pure" foods
* extensive (2-3 days)
55
What is an important holiday in Hinduism?
Diwali
* a 5-day nationa festival of prayer, lights, fire crackers and sweets occuring in the fall
* enjoyed by many people in India regardless of faith
56
Where is the majority of Sikhism?
Punjab region of India
57
Where is the majority of Sikhism in Canada?
most Sikhs live in Vancouver and Toronto
58
What did Sikhism emerge from?
Hinduism
59
What kind of religion is Sikhism?
monotheism: Belief in only one god
60
What is an important symbol is Sikhism?
Khanda
* Made up of 3 images with Khanda in the middle as a double edged sword representing their one god
61
When was Sikhism founded?
young religion founded in the 15th century with followers in India and Pakistan
62
What are some Sikh dietary practices?
* Do not believe in fasting
* Do not believe in the ritual of killing of animals
* will not eat halal or kosher meat
* Many different diets adopted
* very devout may be lacto-vegetarians
* Others may choose to not eat beef, pork or eggs
* Sikhs are expected to be active and alert
* alcohol and intoxicants not consumed by the very devout
* beleive body is a temple built by god which must be taken care of
63
What is a Sikh place of worship called?
Gurdwara (temple)
* canadian Sikhs typically worship on Sundays
64
What is the role of the Gurdwara in Hindu dietary practice?
* Food is served at the Gurdwaras
* community kitchen where Lacto-vegetarian Punjabi food is served
* Food prep is usually open to all and men and women both participate
65
66
What type of lacto-vegetarian food is served at the Gurdwaras?
* roti (unleavened bread), cooked vegetables, lentils (dal), yoghurt, rice pudding, sweets and water for drinking
* no alcohol
* Indian (South Asian) spices are used
67
What are the expectations of participating in the communal meal at the Gurdwaras?
* uphold equality
* before the food is served it must be blessed
* People are expected to eat all the food served
68
What is a Langar?
community kitchen at Sikh temple (Gurdwaras)
69
Why is Langar important to Sikh university students in canada?
* food reconnects them with the smells and tastes of home
* knowledge of free food gives them comfort of knowing that when they have little money left at the end of the term, they can recieve food at the Gurdwara
