Week 12: African Diet Swap Study

Question 1

Second leading cause of cancer death in western countries.

Answer 1

Colon cancer

Question 2

Who has higher risk for colon cancer in western countries? Why?

Answer 2

Lifestyle, socioeconomic circumstances (lower income, less quality healthcare, less likely to be screened)

Question 3

Standard American diet

Answer 3

Processed and ultra processed foods

Question 4

Meat and colon cancer

Answer 4

Question 5

Red meat

Answer 5

Question 6

processed meat

Answer 6

Question 7

How might meat cause colon cancer?

Answer 7

Question 8

soluble dietary fibre

Answer 8

Prebiotic and can be fermented by bacteria in the gut so gut bacteria release metabolites such as short chain fatty acids and produce beneficial vitamins such as vitamin K. Bacteria colon can produce B vitamins. Short t chain fatty acids feed colon cells

Question 9

insoluble dietary fibre

Answer 9

Bulky and prevents constipation and hemorrhoids

Resistant starches have characteristics of both soluble and insoluble

Question 10

Dietary fibre

Answer 10

non digestible carbohydrates from plant foods

Question 11

Gut microbiota associated with the western diet

Answer 11

The food we eat in American diet are not good for the bacteria so have starved a lot of good bacteria by not feeding them the prebiotic starches. Western diet much less diverse and fewer species and many healthy gut bacteria may have gone instinct. Detriment to health. Short chain fatty acids contribute to immune function, and may reduce risk of colon cancer so bad when they can’t be produced by those bacteria. Diets high in refined carbs don’t feed the bacteria

Question 12

Colon cancer risk on traditional African diet

Answer 12

Question 13

premalignant colonic lesions - polyps

Answer 13

Precancerous growth which some have potential to grow into colon cancer which comes about from excess if they proliferate

Question 14

Traditional African diet

Answer 14

Question 15

colon cancer risk difference between African diet and western diet

Answer 15

Question 16

African diet swap study

Answer 16

Question 17

Measurements at beginning of the study

Answer 17

Question 18

<p>differences in lifestyle</p>

Question 19

Differences in lifestyle

Answer 19

Totally different lifestyles and diet. Rural living mostly outdoors and prepped food outside, opposed to sun, active living, whole foods. Americans were more sedentary, processed foods, not living outdoors.

Question 20

Life of rural south African participants

Answer 20

Small communities in circular huts, each community had some land to grow veggies seasonally. Raised chickens and goats and a few cattle. Electricity was rudimentary and reliance in generators, heated huts using fire and often cooked over fire, water from wells or river. People walk a lot.

Question 21

Diet of rural South African participants

Answer 21

Question 22

Usual diets of study participants

Answer 22

Question 23

Dietary fibre recommendation

Answer 23

Question 24

Outcome of study

Answer 24

Question 25

Significance of study

Answer 25

Question 26

Are colonic epithelial proliferation rates high or low in a healthy gut?

Answer 26

Lower! Characteristic of precancerous conditions from animal products and higher colonic populations of potentially toxic hydrogen and secondary bile-salt-producing bacteria and less fibre consumption.

Question 27

Are rapidly dividing colon cells a risk factor for cancer?

Answer 27

Yes Pre-malignancy a sign of risk factor for cancer

Question 28

Which intervention diet caused the most colon cell proliferation and inflammation?

Answer 28

American diet

Question 29

Which intervention diet resulted in the production of most butyrate?

Answer 29

Africanized diet more than doubled production and western diet cut it in half

Question 30

What is butyrate and why is it important to gut health?

Answer 30

Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid made by the health-promoting bacteria in your gut, and it has some mighty powerful effects on the human gut and wider health.