Week 12: African Diet Swap Study Flashcards

1
Q

Second leading cause of cancer death in western countries.

A

Colon cancer

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2
Q

Who has higher risk for colon cancer in western countries? Why?

A

Lifestyle, socioeconomic circumstances (lower income, less quality healthcare, less likely to be screened)

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3
Q

Standard American diet

A

Processed and ultra processed foods

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4
Q

Meat and colon cancer

A
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5
Q

Red meat

A
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6
Q

processed meat

A
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7
Q

How might meat cause colon cancer?

A
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8
Q

soluble dietary fibre

A

Prebiotic and can be fermented by bacteria in the gut so gut bacteria release metabolites such as short chain fatty acids and produce beneficial vitamins such as vitamin K. Bacteria colon can produce B vitamins. Short t chain fatty acids feed colon cells

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9
Q

insoluble dietary fibre

A

Bulky and prevents constipation and hemorrhoids

Resistant starches have characteristics of both soluble and insoluble

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10
Q

Dietary fibre

A

non digestible carbohydrates from plant foods

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11
Q

Gut microbiota associated with the western diet

A

The food we eat in American diet are not good for the bacteria so have starved a lot of good bacteria by not feeding them the prebiotic starches. Western diet much less diverse and fewer species and many healthy gut bacteria may have gone instinct. Detriment to health. Short chain fatty acids contribute to immune function, and may reduce risk of colon cancer so bad when they can’t be produced by those bacteria. Diets high in refined carbs don’t feed the bacteria

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12
Q

Colon cancer risk on traditional African diet

A
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13
Q

premalignant colonic lesions - polyps

A

Precancerous growth which some have potential to grow into colon cancer which comes about from excess if they proliferate

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14
Q

Traditional African diet

A
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15
Q

colon cancer risk difference between African diet and western diet

A
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16
Q

African diet swap study

A
17
Q

Measurements at beginning of the study

A
18
Q

<p>differences in lifestyle</p>

A
19
Q

Differences in lifestyle

A

Totally different lifestyles and diet. Rural living mostly outdoors and prepped food outside, opposed to sun, active living, whole foods. Americans were more sedentary, processed foods, not living outdoors.

20
Q

Life of rural south African participants

A

Small communities in circular huts, each community had some land to grow veggies seasonally. Raised chickens and goats and a few cattle. Electricity was rudimentary and reliance in generators, heated huts using fire and often cooked over fire, water from wells or river. People walk a lot.

21
Q

Diet of rural South African participants

A
22
Q

Usual diets of study participants

A
23
Q

Dietary fibre recommendation

A
24
Q

Outcome of study

A
25
Q

Significance of study

A
26
Q

Are colonic epithelial proliferation rates high or low in a healthy gut?

A

Lower! Characteristic of precancerous conditions from animal products and higher colonic populations of potentially toxic hydrogen and secondary bile-salt-producing bacteria and less fibre consumption.

27
Q

Are rapidly dividing colon cells a risk factor for cancer?

A

Yes Pre-malignancy a sign of risk factor for cancer

28
Q

Which intervention diet caused the most colon cell proliferation and inflammation?

A

American diet

29
Q

Which intervention diet resulted in the production of most butyrate?

A

Africanized diet more than doubled production and western diet cut it in half

30
Q

What is butyrate and why is it important to gut health?

A

Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid made by the health-promoting bacteria in your gut, and it has some mighty powerful effects on the human gut and wider health.