Week 4: Genitourinary anatomy and histology

Question 1

Identify kidney anatomy and suprarenals, ureter, bladder

Answer 1

Question 2

Which kidney is more superior?

Answer 2

Slightly higher on the left because of the liver on the right

Question 3

Kidney location in respect to the peritoneum

Answer 3

Retroperitoneal

Question 4

Describe the orientation of the vasculature of the kidney to the ureters

Answer 4

Vasculature is anterior to the renal pelvis and ureter

Question 5

What surrounds the kidney?

Answer 5

Surrounded by a fibrous capsule and perinephric fat which is surrounded by Gerota’s Fascia

Question 6

Kidney anatomy

Answer 6

Question 7

Describe kidney innervation

Answer 7

• Innervation from T12-L1 spinal nerves including pain sensation
• referred pain to back and lumbar region
• Nausea and vomiting may accompany because of vagal fibers that also innervate the kidneys

Question 8

Origin of the renal vasculature

Answer 8

Renal arteries from te aorta

Question 9

Kidney cortex and medulla

Answer 9

Question 10

Kidney cortex contains

Answer 10

• Glomeruli
• proximal convoluted tubules
• distal convoluted tubules

Question 11

Kidney medulla contains

Answer 11

• loops of Henle
• collecting tubules
• collecting ducts

Question 12

Renal papilla contains

Answer 12

Tubules drain into minor calyx

Question 13

Which part of the kidney is most susceptible to infection?

Answer 13

Renal Medulla is more susceptible to infection because of the high concentration of ammonia

• inactivates complement
• causes poor chemotaxis of PMNs
• Low pH
• low blood flow

Question 14

Histological features of the renal cortex

Answer 14

Question 15

Histological features of the renal papilla

Answer 15

PCS = pelvicalocyl space

DB =

U = Ureter

Question 16

Structural features of the ureter

Answer 16

Question 17

Histologic features of ureter

Answer 17

• LP = lamina propria
• Ureter is lined by transitional epithelia

Question 18

Describe the path of the ureters

Answer 18

Question 19

Describe the path of the ureters in the pelvis

Answer 19

Question 20

Path of the ureters near the bladder

Answer 20

Question 21

Anatomy of the female bladder

Answer 21

Question 22

Anatomy of the male bladder

Answer 22

Question 23

The ureters enter the bladder at

Answer 23

urethral orifaces

Question 24

Describe how the ureters enter the bladder

Answer 24

Question 25

Histological features of the bladder

Answer 25

simial in structure to the lower 1/3 of the ureters Detrusor muscles (have 3 layers) * IL = inner longitudinal layer * OC = Outer circular layer * OI = Outer longitudinal layer The bladder is lined by urothelium (transitional epithelium

Question 26

Features of urothelium

Answer 26

Question 27

Where is urothelium located?

Answer 27

* ureters * urinary bladder * urethra

Question 28

Structure/Function of urothelium

Answer 28

* Three to Six stratified layers (varies with degree of distention) * Surface umbrella cells can maintain impermeability even when stretched * Thin basement membrane * Loose lamina propria

Question 29

Describe normal urinary tract anatomy

Answer 29

Question 30

Common UTI flora

Answer 30

Gastrointestinal flora (GNR, Enterococcus) live close to the urethral opening

Question 31

Anatomy of the female urethra

Answer 31

Question 32

Anatomy of the male urethra

Answer 32

Question 33

Describe the penile urethra

Answer 33