Week 4: Genitourinary anatomy and histology Flashcards
Identify kidney anatomy and suprarenals, ureter, bladder
Which kidney is more superior?
Slightly higher on the left because of the liver on the right
Kidney location in respect to the peritoneum
Retroperitoneal
Describe the orientation of the vasculature of the kidney to the ureters
Vasculature is anterior to the renal pelvis and ureter
What surrounds the kidney?
Surrounded by a fibrous capsule and perinephric fat which is surrounded by Gerota’s Fascia
Kidney anatomy
Describe kidney innervation
- Innervation from T12-L1 spinal nerves including pain sensation
- referred pain to back and lumbar region
- Nausea and vomiting may accompany because of vagal fibers that also innervate the kidneys
Origin of the renal vasculature
Renal arteries from te aorta
Kidney cortex and medulla
Kidney cortex contains
- Glomeruli
- proximal convoluted tubules
- distal convoluted tubules
Kidney medulla contains
- loops of Henle
- collecting tubules
- collecting ducts
Renal papilla contains
Tubules drain into minor calyx
Which part of the kidney is most susceptible to infection?
Renal Medulla is more susceptible to infection because of the high concentration of ammonia
- inactivates complement
- causes poor chemotaxis of PMNs
- Low pH
- low blood flow
Histological features of the renal cortex
Histological features of the renal papilla
PCS = pelvicalocyl space
DB =
U = Ureter
Structural features of the ureter
Histologic features of ureter
- LP = lamina propria
- Ureter is lined by transitional epithelia
Describe the path of the ureters
Describe the path of the ureters in the pelvis
Path of the ureters near the bladder
Anatomy of the female bladder
Anatomy of the male bladder
The ureters enter the bladder at
urethral orifaces
Describe how the ureters enter the bladder
Histological features of the bladder
simial in structure to the lower 1/3 of the ureters
Detrusor muscles (have 3 layers)
- IL = inner longitudinal layer
- OC = Outer circular layer
- OI = Outer longitudinal layer
The bladder is lined by urothelium (transitional epithelium
Features of urothelium
Where is urothelium located?
- ureters
- urinary bladder
- urethra
Structure/Function of urothelium
- Three to Six stratified layers (varies with degree of distention)
- Surface umbrella cells can maintain impermeability even when stretched
- Thin basement membrane
- Loose lamina propria
Describe normal urinary tract anatomy
Common UTI flora
Gastrointestinal flora (GNR, Enterococcus) live close to the urethral opening
Anatomy of the female urethra
Anatomy of the male urethra
Describe the penile urethra
