Week 1: Antibiotic Overview

Question 1

Objectives

Answer 1

Question 2

What is bioavailability?

Answer 2

Subcategory of absorption and is the fraction of an administered does of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation

• Measurement of the rate and extent to which a drug reaches the systemic circulation

Question 3

What is the first-pass effect?

Answer 3

A phenomenon of drug metabolism whereby the concentration of a drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation

• four primary systems that affect the first-pass effect of a drug are the enzymes of the GI lumen, gut wall, bacterial and hepatic enzymes

Question 4

What is parenteral administration?

Answer 4

Administered by some means other than oral or rectal (IV, IM, SC)

Question 5

What is bioequivalence?

Answer 5

FDA standards for bioavailability to insure that different formulations of the identical quantity of the same drug results in equal therapeutic response

Question 6

How do drugs reach their site of action

Answer 6

Question 7

What is enteral administration?

Answer 7

Intestine

• Placement of a drug directly into any part of the GI tract. includes oral (per os, p.o.), sublingual or rectal

Question 8

What is parenteral administration?

Answer 8

Aside from intestine

• Bypassing the GI tract
• Includes Injection (subcutaneous (s.c.), intramuscular (i.m.) and intravenous (I.v.), topical application or inhalation by the lungs

Question 9

What is absorption?

Answer 9

Question 10

Stomach absorption

Answer 10

Question 11

stomach absorption 2

Answer 11

Question 12

Small-intestine absorption

Answer 12

Question 13

Anatomy of the small-intestine

Answer 13

Question 14

Large intestine & rectum absorption

Answer 14

Question 15

Absorption from the respiratory tract

Answer 15

Question 16

Lung absorption

Answer 16

Question 17

Absorption from subcutaneous sites

Answer 17

Question 18

Absorption from intramuscular sites

Answer 18

Question 19

Intravenous absorption

Answer 19

Question 20

Question

Question 21

Question

Question 22

Discuss features of distribution

Answer 22

Question 23

Describe magnitude of distribution

Answer 23

Question 24

Discuss magnitude of distribution II

Answer 24

Question 25

Discuss the binding of drugs to plasma proteins and other tissue components

Answer 25

Question 26

Describe the BBB

Answer 26

Question 27

Discuss the BBB II

Answer 27

Question 28

Question

Question 29

Discuss the factors that influence the expression of antimicrobial activity

Answer 29

Question 30

Describe the relationship between PCK/PCD

Answer 30

Question 31

Describe the clinical relevance of pharmacodynamics

Answer 31

Question 32

Describe antimicrobial pharmacodynamics

Answer 32

Question 33

Optimizing antimicrobial therapy

Answer 33

Question 34

Concentration-dependent vs independent

Answer 34

Question 35

Describe pharmacodynamic relationships

Answer 35

Question 36

Describe pharmacodynamic types of antibiotic activity

Answer 36

Question 37

Describe peak MIC

Answer 37

Question 38

Describe a simulated profile of high dose and conventional aminoglycoside regimens

Answer 38

Question 39

Describe the pharmacodynamic types on antibiotic activity

Answer 39

Question 40

Describe optimization of time above MIC with continuous infusion

Answer 40

Question 41

Describe time-dependent antibiotic activity

Answer 41

Question 42

Describe bactericidal patterns

Answer 42

Question 43

Concepts for antibacterial agents

Answer 43

Question 44

What type of antibacterial agents are there?

Answer 44

Question 45

Describe functions of cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Answer 45

Question 46

Describe functions of protein synthesis inhibitors

Answer 46

Question 47

Describe functions of Nucleic Acid synthesis inhibitors

Answer 47

Question 48

Cell wall active antibacterial agents

Answer 48

Question 49

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor Antibacterial Agents

Answer 49

Question 50

Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor Antibacterial Agents

Answer 50