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ANTH 352 > Week 3 - Upper Limbs > Flashcards

Week 3 - Upper Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

The rotator cuff includes muscles such as the supraspinatus muscle, the infraspinatus muscle, the teres minor muscle and the subscapularis muscle. The upper arm consists of the deltoids, biceps, as well as the triceps.

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2
Q

Rotator cuff actions

A

medially and laterally rotate humerus, as well as abduct and adduct humerus

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3
Q

true or false: muscle lengthening is active and muscle shortening is passive

A

false; muscle lengthening is passive and muscle shortening is active

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4
Q

true or false: teres minor does not originate at the scapular fossa

A

true, it originates at the mid axillary border of scapula

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5
Q

teres minor

A

Teres Minor: reinforces capsule of shoulder joint, stabilizes humeral head.

Origin: mid-axillary border of scapula.

Insertion: inferior (vertical) facet of greater tubercle of humerus.

Actions: lateral rotation and extension of the humerus (same as Infraspinatus –previous)

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6
Q

where do tendons of rotator cuff mm insert into, and what is the function of the tendons of rotator cuff mm?

A

Tendons of rotator cuff muscles arising from scapula insert into greater and lesser tubercles, and hold head of humerus in glenoid fossa (i.e. ball in socket) and move humeral head

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7
Q

subscapularis

A

Subscapularis: stabilizes shoulder joint anteriorly.

Origin: subscapular fossa on anterior aspect of scapula.

Insertion: lesser tubercle of humeral head.

Actions: internal rotation, adduction

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8
Q

infraspinatus

A

Infraspinatus: reinforces shoulder joint capsule.

Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula.

Insertion: oblique (middle, intermediate) facet of greater tubercle of humerus.

Actions:lateral rotation and extension of the humerus (same as Teres Minor –next)

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9
Q

Head of humerus articulates with ______ of scapula proximally, and with _____ and ______ distally

A

glenoid fossa; radius; ulna

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10
Q

anatomical neck

A

groove or line around articular (joint) surface of head for attachment of ligamentous joint capsule

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11
Q

surgical neck

A

short segment distal to anatomical neck, links head and shaft; tends to be where fractures of proximal humerus occur

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12
Q

Proximal end of humerus is subdivided into 2 parts. What are those 2 parts

A

lesser andgreater tubercles, or tuberosities, by intertubercular sulcus or bicipital groove

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13
Q

upper limb bones

A

humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, sesamoids

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14
Q

where did the upper limbs evolve from?

A

Evolved from paired pectoral fins of fishes

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15
Q

Where do the tendons of the long heads of the biceps brachii originate?

A

Tendon of long head of Biceps Brachiilies within bicipital groove

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16
Q

where does subscapularis insert?

A

Subscapularis (from anterior scapula) inserts on lesser tubercle

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17
Q

where does supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor insert?

A

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, and Teres Minor (from posterior scapula)insert on greater tubercle

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18
Q

supraspinatus

A

Supraspinatus: reinforces shoulder joint capsule.

Origin: suprapinous fossa of scapula.

Insertion: superior (horizontal) facet of greater tubercle of humerus.

Actions: stabilizes humeral head, initiates abduction (first 10 to 15 degrees)

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19
Q

crest of greater tubercle forms __________

A

lateral lip of bicipital groove

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20
Q

crest of lesser tubercle forms _______

A

medial lip of bicipital groove

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21
Q

where does the teres major insert?

A

medial lip of bicipital groove

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22
Q

deltoid tuberosity

A

Large tuberosity on lateral aspect of shaft is for insertion of Deltoid muscle (origin from clavicle, scapular spine, and acromion

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23
Q

the anterior portion of the deltoid originates from the ________ and acts as a ________

A

clavicle; flexor

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24
Q

the middle portion of the deltoid originates from the _______ and acts as a ___________

A

acromion; abductor

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25
the posterior portion of the deltoid arises from the ______ and acts as a ________
spine of scapula; extensor
26
the anterior, middle, and posterior deltoid forms the common tendon that inserts at the _______
deltoid tuberosity
27
radius articulates distally with the ____
lunate and scaphoid bones
28
the ______ of the head of the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus
articular fovea of the head of the radius
29
the articular edge of the radial head is called the ______ which articulates with the ______ of the ulna
circumferential articulation; radial notch of ulna
30
________ of forearm separates flexor and extensor muscle compartments, much as do the ________ of the upper arm
Interosseous membrane of forearm separates flexor and extensor muscle compartments, much as do the intermuscular septae of the upper arm
31
anterior oblique line
on anterior shaft; spirals inferolaterally from base of radial tuberosity; origin for extrinsic muscles of hand (next slide); Supinator inserts on anterior oblique line –causes supination
32
extrinsic muscle of hands
those muscles which control certain hand and finger movements via tendons, but whose muscle bellies are located within the forearm region
33
intrinsic muscle of hands
those small muscles which control certain finger movements and which lie wholly within the hand
34
ulnar notch
concave articular region on medial distal aspect of radius; articulates with distal end (head) of ulna
35
Dorsal radial tubercle (Lister’s tubercle)
on posterior distal radius; grooves between this and other tuberosities on dorsum of distal radius house tendons for extrinsic extensor muscles of hand
36
styloid process
sharp distal lateral projection for lateral collateral ligament of wrist
37
radial ossification
▪Ossifies from 3 centres: shaft, head, distal end ▪Degree of ossification may be useful in establishing age of an unknown individual
38
olecranon process
most proximal part of ulna; for insertion of Triceps brachii at olecranon tuberosity–primary extensor of forearm
39
guiding ridge of ulna
separates trochlear notch into medial and lateral parts
40
coronoid process
anterior, beak-shaped projection; located at base of trochlear notch –fits into coronoid fossa of anterior distal humerus during elbow flexion
41
where does the annular notch originate?
radial notch
42
triangular fossa (depression)
inferior to notch accommodates tuberosity of radius and Biceps tendon during full pronation (Supinator in part arises here)
43
medial (ulnar) collateral ligament of wrist attaches here
styloid process
44
true or false: there is no ulnar carpal bone articulation
true (p 101)
45
Distal radioulnar joint
head of ulna in ulnar notch of radius
46
ulna ossification
▪Ossifies from 3 centres: shaft, olecranon process, distal end ▪Degree of ossification may be useful in establishing age of an unknown individual
47
what is a joint capsule (articular capsule) comprised of?
Bones are joined together by a joint capsule or articular capsule, comprised of an outer fibrous capsule and an inner synovial membrane which lines outer fibrous capsule
48
congruity allows for _______
joint stability
49
ginglymus joint
simple hinge joint (such as humeroulnar joint)
50
humeroulnar joint
simple hinge (ginglymus) joint
51
humeroradial joint
hinge joint and pivot joint
52
proximal radioulnar joint
pivot joint
53
what does the proximal and distal radioulnar joint allow for?
allow radius to rotate and translate on ulna during pronation and supination
54
radial sulcus
oblique groove posteroinferior to deltoid tuberosity (for radial nerve) (p 39)
55
what is the entire articular portion of the distal end of the humerus called?
condylar mass
56
purpose of collateral ligaments
found on elbow joint, knees, and wrists to prevent side to side movement and main functions is for flexion and extension
57
the lateral epicondyle of the humerus are origins for what?
wrist extensors and supinators as well as lateral collateral ligament
58
the medial epicondyle of the humerus are origins for what?
flexor mm of forearms and pronator as well as medial collateral ligament
59
rim of proximal radial surface
circumferential articulation-abuts lateral aspect of trochlea –prevents medial dislocation or displacement of radius
60
annular ligament
Radial head is encircled by annular ligament which is attached to ulna at edges of radial notch of ulna
61
origin for extrinsic muscles of hand
anterior oblique line
62
where do the triceps insert?
olecranon tuberosity
63
the ulnar tuberosity is the insertion for which muscle?
brachialis
64
dorsal radial tubercle is also known as ______
Lister's tubercle on posterior distal radius; grooves between this and other tuberosities on dorsum of distal radius house tendons for extrinsic extensor muscles of hand
65
styloid process of radius
sharp distal lateral projection for lateral | collateral ligament of wrist
66
what is the most proximal part of the ulna?
olecranon process
67
triceps insert onto
olecranon tuberosity
68
guiding ridge
separates trochlear notch into medial and lateral parts
69
ulnar tuberosity is also known as
brachial tuberosity immediately inferior to coronoid process; roughened region for insertion of Brachialis
70
brachialis
origin: distal half of anterior humeral surface; insertion ulnar (brachial) tuberosity inferior to coronoid process
71
what are intrinsic muscles of the hands responsible for?
abduction and adduction of fingers , and special movements of thumb and little fingers
72
flexor retinaculum gives rise to the ________
carpal tunnel
73
interphalageal joints
Interphalangeal joints are diarthrodial hinge joints; over extension at these joints is limited by a palmar ligament, and axial rotation, abduction, and adduction are limited by the presence of collateral ligaments
74
over extension of the interphalangeal joints are limited by the _____
palmar ligament
75
abduction and adduction of the interphalageal joints are limited by the __________
collateral ligament
76
true or false: the base of the thumb metacarpal is a saddle (sellar)- shaped joint
true; it allows for opposition
77
true or false; humans use upper limbs for weight bearing mechanisms
false; humans use it for manipulation
78
extrinsic hand muscles
allow for flexion and extension for fingers; comes from forearm
79
true or false: | Each distal phalanx has double proximal articular facet for head of intermediate phalanx
true
80
what is at the end of each distal phalanges?
distal phalangeal tuberosity, or distal tuft
81
true or false: the thumb has an intermediate phalange
false; the thumb only has a distal and proximal
82
true or false: the distal and intermediate phalange has doubt facets at the proximal end, and the proximal phalange has a single articular facet at the proximal end
true
83
true or false: the area in which collateral ligaments attach to the metacarpal heads and interphalangeal joints are articular
false; they are nonarticular (p203)
84
what is the smallest carpal ?
pisiform
85
the pisiform is a sesamoid bone for the leverage of ___________
flexor carpi ulnaris
86
the concave surface of the scaphoid articulates with the ________
head of capitate
87
true or false; some forearm muscles insert onto the carpal bones
false; no forearm mm inserts onto the carpal bones (p 152)
88
midcarpal joint is the same as
transverse carpal joint
89
true or false: midcarpal joint allows for adduction and abduction of wrists
false; it allows for flexion and extension but limits ab and adduction
90
how many basic hand bones are there?
27 basic hand bones and 2 sesamoid bones on distal 1st MC
91
what muscles are leveraged due to the sesamoid bones in the distal 1st MC?
adductor pollicis and flexor pollicis brevis
92
what is another name for wrist?
carpus
93
flexor retinaculum forms _____ for flexor tendons of wrist
carpal tunnel
94
true or false: we still use navicular as an anatomical term
false
95
which structure is attached to the scaphoid tubercle?
flexor retinaculum
96
where does the flexor retinaculum attach to on the carpals?
scaphoid tubercle crest of trapezium hook of hamate pisiform body
97
the convex part of the scaphoid articultes with the ____ and the concave part of scaphoid articulates with ____
radius; capitate
98
where does pisiform articulate?
facet of triquetrum
99
what is the smallest carpal on distal row?
trapezoid
100
what does the capitate articulate with?
scaphoid, hamate, lunate, trapezoid, 2nd and 3rd MC, and sometimes MC 4
101
square end of capitate is the _____ and round end of the capitate is the ______
square end: base (distal end) | round end: head (proximal)
102
what does the 2nd MC articulate with?
capitate, trapezoid, trapezium, and MC 3
103
what is a feature of MC3?
styloid process on dorsal radial side | articulates with capitate, MC2 and 4
104
metacarpal ossification
-Each MC except MC1 ossifies from 2 centres, a primary one for shaft (body) and a secondary one for distal extremity -MC1 has separate centre for base but none for its distal extremity
105
MC vs MT differences
-Metacarpals are stouter thicker) -Metacarpal shafts are larger in diameter relative to length, and not as straight and slender as metatarsal shafts -Metacarpal heads are more rounded than the mediolaterally compressed metatarsal heads
106
where does collateral ligament of phalanges go on?
non articular tubercles of phalanges
107
fibrous flexor sheath
on anteriopr surface of palm, restrains flexor tendons
108
distal phalangeal tuberosity
distal tuft
109
ossification centres of phalange
2 primary centers (shaft and distal end) | 1 secondary center (base)

ANTH 352 (26 decks)

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