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ANTH 352 > Lower limbs > Flashcards

Lower limbs Flashcards

1
Q

what are the bones of the lower limbs

A

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges, foot sesamoids

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2
Q

what is the longest bone in the body?

A

femur

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3
Q

femur is useful for _____ estimation

A

stature

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4
Q

does femur articulate directly with fibula?

A

no

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5
Q

increased security means lower _____

A

rom

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6
Q

fovea capitis

A

depression near centre of femoral head

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7
Q

what attaches to the fovea capitis?

A

ligamentum teres from acetabulum notch

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8
Q

fovea capitis is slightly ____ and ____ to anatomical centre of head, which is useful in _____isolated femoral head

A

inferior; posterior; siding

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9
Q

the intertrochanteric line is on the ____ surface of the neck

A

anterior

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10
Q

what attaches at the intertrochanteric line?

A

iliofemoral ligament

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11
Q

what is the largest ligament in the body?

A

iliofemoral ligament

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12
Q

the greater the angle of anteversion, the ____ the gait cycle

A

toe in

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13
Q

iliopsoas and psoas major attaches to the _____ of the femur to ____ the hip

A

lesser trochanter; flex

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14
Q

glut medius and minimus attaches to ______ of the femur

A

greater trochanter

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15
Q

what is the lateral rotator of the hips?

A

obturator externus

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16
Q

Groove for tendon of ___________ extends horizontally across posterior neck from trochanteric fossa

A

Obturator Externus

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17
Q

posterior rough line from base of greater trochanter to lateral lip of linea aspera

A

gluteal line or tuberosity

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18
Q

spiral line

A

inferior to lesser trochanter; posterior; joins inferior end of inter-trochanteric line to medial lip

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19
Q

spiral line is inferior to lesser trochanter; posterior; joins inferior end of inter-trochanteric line to ________

A

medial lip

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20
Q

spiral line is origin for _______

A

vastus medialis

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21
Q

pectinial line

A

slightly curved posterior line extending from base of lesser trochanter to proximal end of linea aspera, between spiral line and gluteal line (tuberosity)

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22
Q

Pectineal line is site of insertion for _______

A

Pectineus

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23
Q

linea aspera

A

rough, single, elevated ridge on posterior femoral shaft; narrower inferiorly

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24
Q

Linea aspera divides into medial and lateral ________ (ridges) distally

A

supracondylar lines

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25
Linea aspera is main site of origin for
Vasti
26
linea aspera is main site of insertion for
Adductors (Longus, Brevis, Magnus)
27
popliteal fossa
defined by medial and lateral supra-condylar lines, and by femoral condyles inferiorly
28
nutrient foramen of femur
posterior midshaft region, either on or adjacent to linea aspera
29
Medial condyle of femur extends further distally than lateral condyle due to ________ to accommodate width of pelvis
femoral angulation
30
what attaches on the Intercondylar fossa
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
31
Epicondyle (medial and lateral)is at outer aspect of each condyle, for _________
medial and lateral collateral ligaments of knee (similar to elbow)
32
popliteal groove
hollow on posterolateral aspect of lateral condyle, for Popliteus tendon
33
Trochlear cartilage lines base of
patellar notch or femoral groove–a shallow U-shaped groove on anterior distal femur for articulation with patella
34
medial and lateral condyles of femur articulates with _______
tibial plateau
35
____________ runs through adductor tubercle and along intercondylar line
Lower femoral epiphyseal line
36
Adductor tubercle
on medial supracondylar ridge just superior to medial epicondyle –Adductor Magnus insertion
37
Knee is sometimes described as 3 joints:
medial compartment, lateral compartment, and a patellofemoral compartment
38
Q angle
angle between femur and tibia at knee, viewed anteriorly
39
At knee, femur meets tibia at an angle called the ________
Q (Quadriceps) angle
40
kneecap
patella
41
Lateral condyle of femur projects further anteriorly than medial condyle. What is the function of this?
prevents passive lateral dislocation (static stabilizer)
42
vastus medialis prevents lateral displacement of patella. Vastus medialis is a _______
dynamic stabilizer
43
tibial plateau
proximal tibial surface
44
non-articular region between condyles
intercondylar eminence
45
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments as well as anterior and posterior ends of medial and lateral menisci(knee cartilages, or semilunar cartilages) insert into
intercondylar eminence
46
ACL
originates from lateral wall of intercondylar notch posteriorly and inserts into oval region on anterior aspect of tibial plateau between the intercondylar eminences
47
PCL
originates from crescent-shaped region on anterolateral aspect of medial femoral condyle, and inserts into posterior intercondylar area
48
tibial tuberosity is insertion point for ________
patellar tendon
49
soleal (popliteal line)
crosses proximal half of posterior surface proximo-laterally to distomedially; delineates inferior boundary of Popliteus insertion and Soleus origin
50
nutrient foramen of tibia
inferolateral to soleal (popliteal) line posteriorly
51
anterior crest
anterior edge of shin
52
medial surface of tibia
forms medial edge of shin; subcutaneous border is widest part of tibial shaft surface
53
interosseus crest of tibia
lateral, opposite fibula; most concave of 3 tibial surfaces
54
medial malleolus
projection at distal medial end of tibia
55
Lateral surface of medial malleolus of tibia articulates with body of
talus
56
fibular notch of tibia
at disto-lateral corner of tibia is a triangular area for thick short interosseous tibiofibular ligament
57
proximal ankle
talocrural joint
58
malleolar groove
on posterior aspect of medial malleolus; transmits tendons of Tibialis Posterior and Flexor Digitorum Longus, both plantar flexors of foot
59
Forms lateral border of ankle joint
fibula
60
true or false; Fibula in carnivores and primates bears weight
false; Fibula in carnivores and primates does not bear weight
61
nutrient foramen of fibula
opens on posteromedial surface at about midshaft
62
peroneal groove
for tendons of Peroneus Longus and Brevis
63
Peroneus Longus and Brevis movements on ankle
plantar flex and evert foot at ankle
64
talocrural joint is a ____ joint
hinge
65
how many bones in each foot?
28
66
foot has changed from a grasping organ to a structure adapted to ________ in humans
bipedal locomotion
67
Oblique line of the___________ connects the midpoints of the medial and lateral borders of the foot
tarsometatarsal joints
68
pronation and supination occur at _____ joint
talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints, which together form a concavoconvex joint -> called the transverse tarsal joint or midtarsal joint
69
pronation and supination occur at ______ joint
midtarsal
70
posterior unit of the foot
talus + calcaneus
71
sulcus tali
deep groove between posterior and middle calcaneal articular surfaces
72
tarsal tunnel is between ____ and _____
talus and calcaneus
73
sulcus tali forms room of
tarsal tunnel
74
heel bone
calcaneus
75
achilles tendon inserts into
calcaneal tuber posteriorly
76
Gastrocnemius and Soleus muscle contraction cause plantar flexion of foot at ankle via
achilles tendon
77
tarsal tunnel is site of
interosseous talocalcanean ligament
78
Transverse tarsal joint is _______(concavoconvex) to allow pronation, supination
sinuous
79
cuboid tuberosity
large inferolateral tuberosity; Peroneus Longus tendon enters foot via groove superior to tuberosity
80
tubercle of navicular
large blunt medial projection –main insertion of Tibialis Posterior, a plantar flexor of foot and toes
81
Distinguished by reniform (kidney-shaped)
medial (1st) cuneiform
82
anterior unit of foot
metatarsals+ phalanges
83
Metatarsals and phalanges articulate at ____________
metatarsophalangeal joints (MTPJs)
84
5th metatarsal has a _________
styloid process
85
true or false; Metatarsal heads are more mediolaterally compressed and smaller relative to their bases than MC heads
true
86
os trigonum
separate lateral tubercle of talus
87
the calcaneus has a small facet for the head of the talus known as the medial shelf and _________
sustentaculum tali
88
Posterior 1/3 of calcaneus has a saddle shaped horizontal ________
calcaneal tuber
89
on inferior aspect of the sustentaculum tali is the sustentacular groove, which has attachments of
tendon of flexor hallucis longus
90
achilles tendon attaches onto the ____ posteriorly
calcaneus
91
tarsal tunnel is site of _________
interosseous talocalcanean ligament
92
transverse tarsal joint is sinuous (concavoconvex) which allows for
pronation and supination
93
tubercle of navicular is large insertion site for _____
tibialis posterior
94
what is the smallest cuneiform?
intermediate (2nd) cuneiform
95
Metatarsals and phalanges articulate at ____________
metatarsophalangeal joints
96
sesamoid grooves found at inferior surface of metatarsal head corresponds with a sesamoid bone for the tendons of _________
flexor hallucis brevis

ANTH 352 (26 decks)

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