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ANTH 352 > Lower limbs > Flashcards

Lower limbs Flashcards

1
Q

what are the bones of the lower limbs

A

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges, foot sesamoids

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2
Q

what is the longest bone in the body?

A

femur

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3
Q

femur is useful for _____ estimation

A

stature

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4
Q

does femur articulate directly with fibula?

A

no

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5
Q

increased security means lower _____

A

rom

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6
Q

fovea capitis

A

depression near centre of femoral head

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7
Q

what attaches to the fovea capitis?

A

ligamentum teres from acetabulum notch

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8
Q

fovea capitis is slightly ____ and ____ to anatomical centre of head, which is useful in _____isolated femoral head

A

inferior; posterior; siding

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9
Q

the intertrochanteric line is on the ____ surface of the neck

A

anterior

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10
Q

what attaches at the intertrochanteric line?

A

iliofemoral ligament

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11
Q

what is the largest ligament in the body?

A

iliofemoral ligament

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12
Q

the greater the angle of anteversion, the ____ the gait cycle

A

toe in

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13
Q

iliopsoas and psoas major attaches to the _____ of the femur to ____ the hip

A

lesser trochanter; flex

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14
Q

glut medius and minimus attaches to ______ of the femur

A

greater trochanter

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15
Q

what is the lateral rotator of the hips?

A

obturator externus

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16
Q

Groove for tendon of ___________ extends horizontally across posterior neck from trochanteric fossa

A

Obturator Externus

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17
Q

posterior rough line from base of greater trochanter to lateral lip of linea aspera

A

gluteal line or tuberosity

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18
Q

spiral line

A

inferior to lesser trochanter; posterior; joins inferior end of inter-trochanteric line to medial lip

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19
Q

spiral line is inferior to lesser trochanter; posterior; joins inferior end of inter-trochanteric line to ________

A

medial lip

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20
Q

spiral line is origin for _______

A

vastus medialis

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21
Q

pectinial line

A

slightly curved posterior line extending from base of lesser trochanter to proximal end of linea aspera, between spiral line and gluteal line (tuberosity)

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22
Q

Pectineal line is site of insertion for _______

A

Pectineus

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23
Q

linea aspera

A

rough, single, elevated ridge on posterior femoral shaft; narrower inferiorly

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24
Q

Linea aspera divides into medial and lateral ________ (ridges) distally

A

supracondylar lines

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25
Q

Linea aspera is main site of origin for

A

Vasti

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26
Q

linea aspera is main site of insertion for

A

Adductors (Longus, Brevis, Magnus)

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27
Q

popliteal fossa

A

defined by medial and lateral supra-condylar lines, and by femoral condyles inferiorly

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28
Q

nutrient foramen of femur

A

posterior midshaft region, either on or adjacent to linea aspera

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29
Q

Medial condyle of femur extends further distally than lateral condyle due to ________ to accommodate width of pelvis

A

femoral angulation

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30
Q

what attaches on the Intercondylar fossa

A

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

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31
Q

Epicondyle (medial and lateral)is at outer aspect of each condyle, for _________

A

medial and lateral collateral ligaments of knee (similar to elbow)

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32
Q

popliteal groove

A

hollow on posterolateral aspect of lateral condyle, for Popliteus tendon

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33
Q

Trochlear cartilage lines base of

A

patellar notch or femoral groove–a shallow U-shaped groove on anterior distal femur for articulation with patella

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34
Q

medial and lateral condyles of femur articulates with _______

A

tibial plateau

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35
Q

____________ runs through adductor tubercle and along intercondylar line

A

Lower femoral epiphyseal line

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36
Q

Adductor tubercle

A

on medial supracondylar ridge just superior to medial epicondyle –Adductor Magnus insertion

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37
Q

Knee is sometimes described as 3 joints:

A

medial compartment, lateral compartment, and a patellofemoral compartment

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38
Q

Q angle

A

angle between femur and tibia at knee, viewed anteriorly

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39
Q

At knee, femur meets tibia at an angle called the ________

A

Q (Quadriceps) angle

40
Q

kneecap

A

patella

41
Q

Lateral condyle of femur projects further anteriorly than medial condyle. What is the function of this?

A

prevents passive lateral dislocation (static stabilizer)

42
Q

vastus medialis prevents lateral displacement of patella. Vastus medialis is a _______

A

dynamic stabilizer

43
Q

tibial plateau

A

proximal tibial surface

44
Q

non-articular region between condyles

A

intercondylar eminence

45
Q

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments as well as anterior and posterior ends of medial and lateral menisci(knee cartilages, or semilunar cartilages) insert into

A

intercondylar eminence

46
Q

ACL

A

originates from lateral wall of intercondylar notch posteriorly and inserts into oval region on anterior aspect of tibial plateau between the intercondylar eminences

47
Q

PCL

A

originates from crescent-shaped region on anterolateral aspect of medial femoral condyle, and inserts into posterior intercondylar area

48
Q

tibial tuberosity is insertion point for ________

A

patellar tendon

49
Q

soleal (popliteal line)

A

crosses proximal half of posterior surface proximo-laterally to distomedially; delineates inferior boundary of Popliteus insertion and Soleus origin

50
Q

nutrient foramen of tibia

A

inferolateral to soleal (popliteal) line posteriorly

51
Q

anterior crest

A

anterior edge of shin

52
Q

medial surface of tibia

A

forms medial edge of shin; subcutaneous border is widest part of tibial shaft surface

53
Q

interosseus crest of tibia

A

lateral, opposite fibula; most concave of 3 tibial surfaces

54
Q

medial malleolus

A

projection at distal medial end of tibia

55
Q

Lateral surface of medial malleolus of tibia articulates with body of

A

talus

56
Q

fibular notch of tibia

A

at disto-lateral corner of tibia is a triangular area for thick short interosseous tibiofibular ligament

57
Q

proximal ankle

A

talocrural joint

58
Q

malleolar groove

A

on posterior aspect of medial malleolus; transmits tendons of Tibialis Posterior and Flexor Digitorum Longus, both plantar flexors of foot

59
Q

Forms lateral border of ankle joint

A

fibula

60
Q

true or false; Fibula in carnivores and primates bears weight

A

false; Fibula in carnivores and primates does not bear weight

61
Q

nutrient foramen of fibula

A

opens on posteromedial surface at about midshaft

62
Q

peroneal groove

A

for tendons of Peroneus Longus and Brevis

63
Q

Peroneus Longus and Brevis movements on ankle

A

plantar flex and evert foot at ankle

64
Q

talocrural joint is a ____ joint

A

hinge

65
Q

how many bones in each foot?

A

28

66
Q

foot has changed from a grasping organ to a structure adapted to ________ in humans

A

bipedal locomotion

67
Q

Oblique line of the___________ connects the midpoints of the medial and lateral borders of the foot

A

tarsometatarsal joints

68
Q

pronation and supination occur at _____ joint

A

talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints, which together form a concavoconvex joint -> called the transverse tarsal joint or midtarsal joint

69
Q

pronation and supination occur at ______ joint

A

midtarsal

70
Q

posterior unit of the foot

A

talus + calcaneus

71
Q

sulcus tali

A

deep groove between posterior and middle calcaneal articular surfaces

72
Q

tarsal tunnel is between ____ and _____

A

talus and calcaneus

73
Q

sulcus tali forms room of

A

tarsal tunnel

74
Q

heel bone

A

calcaneus

75
Q

achilles tendon inserts into

A

calcaneal tuber posteriorly

76
Q

Gastrocnemius and Soleus muscle contraction cause plantar flexion of foot at ankle via

A

achilles tendon

77
Q

tarsal tunnel is site of

A

interosseous talocalcanean ligament

78
Q

Transverse tarsal joint is _______(concavoconvex) to allow pronation, supination

A

sinuous

79
Q

cuboid tuberosity

A

large inferolateral tuberosity; Peroneus Longus tendon enters foot via groove superior to tuberosity

80
Q

tubercle of navicular

A

large blunt medial projection –main insertion of Tibialis Posterior, a plantar flexor of foot and toes

81
Q

Distinguished by reniform (kidney-shaped)

A

medial (1st) cuneiform

82
Q

anterior unit of foot

A

metatarsals+ phalanges

83
Q

Metatarsals and phalanges articulate at ____________

A

metatarsophalangeal joints (MTPJs)

84
Q

5th metatarsal has a _________

A

styloid process

85
Q

true or false; Metatarsal heads are more mediolaterally compressed and smaller relative to their bases than MC heads

A

true

86
Q

os trigonum

A

separate lateral tubercle of talus

87
Q

the calcaneus has a small facet for the head of the talus known as the medial shelf and _________

A

sustentaculum tali

88
Q

Posterior 1/3 of calcaneus has a saddle shaped horizontal ________

A

calcaneal tuber

89
Q

on inferior aspect of the sustentaculum tali is the sustentacular groove, which has attachments of

A

tendon of flexor hallucis longus

90
Q

achilles tendon attaches onto the ____ posteriorly

A

calcaneus

91
Q

tarsal tunnel is site of _________

A

interosseous talocalcanean ligament

92
Q

transverse tarsal joint is sinuous (concavoconvex) which allows for

A

pronation and supination

93
Q

tubercle of navicular is large insertion site for _____

A

tibialis posterior

94
Q

what is the smallest cuneiform?

A

intermediate (2nd) cuneiform

95
Q

Metatarsals and phalanges articulate at ____________

A

metatarsophalangeal joints

96
Q

sesamoid grooves found at inferior surface of metatarsal head corresponds with a sesamoid bone for the tendons of _________

A

flexor hallucis brevis

ANTH 352 (26 decks)

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