Sternum and Ribs

Question 1

what does the thorax consist of?

Answer 1

The thorax consists of the thoracic spine, the rib cage, and the sternum.

Question 2

Medial end of clavicle articulates with clavicular notch

of manubrium, and with 1st costal cartilage via _______

Answer 2

costo clavicular ligament

Question 3

other names for body of sternum

Answer 3

corpus sterni = gladiolus

Question 4

each segment of the body of sternum is known as ______

Answer 4

sternebra = gladiolus segment

Question 5

where is the costal angle located?

Answer 5

angle is at posterior end of the body where ribs tend to both bend and twist ; this is why ribs will not lie flat

Question 6

vertebrochondral ribs and floating ribs are____

Answer 6

false ribs

Question 7

true or false: Rib slopes inferiorly from its vertebral end

and cartilage slopes superiorly to its sternal end

Answer 7

true

Question 8

what is the longest rib?

Answer 8

rib 7

Question 9

Tubercle of rib has an (1) articular part
__________ (for facet at tip of vertebral transverse
process) and an adjacent (2) non articular part (for lateral costotransverse ligament)

Answer 9

Tubercle of rib has an (1) articular part transverse costal facet (for facet at tip of vertebral transverse process) and an adjacent (2) non articular part (for lateral costotransverse ligament)

Question 10

the sternum is composed of 3 parts. What are they?

Answer 10

manubrium sterni (handle) 
corpus sterni (body) 
xiphoid process (point)

Question 11

First costal cartilage unites first rib to lateral aspect of manubrium just inferior to clavicular notch. This is called a ________

Answer 11

synchondrosis

Question 12

true or false: the xiphoid process is not useful for metric studies

Answer 12

true; xiphoid process is variable in length

Question 13

xiphisternal synchondrosis

Answer 13

xiphisternal junction (may become synostosis in 40s and later)

Question 14

what are the sternal - vertebral levels?

Answer 14

• Jugular notch: horizontal with inferior surface of T2
• Sternal angle: horizontal with inferior surface of T4
• Xiphisternal joint: level with inferior surface of T8

Question 15

true or false: ossification of sternebra and fusion of sternebrae occurs craniocaudally and caudocranially, respectively

Answer 15

true
ossification - craniocaudal
fusion -caudocranial

Question 16

sternal aperture

Answer 16

sternal foramen

Question 17

ribs + costal cartilage =

Answer 17

costa (however, rib is commonly used)

Question 18

how many pairs of costae ribs in humans?

Answer 18

12

Question 19

ribs tend to be _____ in cross section

Answer 19

flattened

Question 20

true or false: Costal groove on inferomedial aspect of
each rib contains and protects intracostal
nerve, artery, and vein in life

Answer 20

false; Costal groove on inferomedial aspect of
each rib contains and protects intercostal
nerve, artery, and vein in life

Question 21

rib is composed of 3 parts; what are they

Answer 21

• Vertebral end: head, neck, tubercle
• Body comprises most of rib; body shape varies according to rib number
• Sternal end: has a small pit into which costal cartilage fits

Question 22

where is the rib angle

Answer 22

posterior aspect of body

Question 23

true or false; Each rib articulates posteriorly with one or more vertebrae, but not all ribs articulate directly with the sternum anteriorly

Answer 23

true

Question 24

how many pairs of false ribs are there?

Answer 24

5 pairs of false ribs (8-12)

Question 25

which pair of ribs are vertebralchondral ribs?

Answer 25

pairs 8-10 (indirect connection to ribs via cartilage)

Question 26

which pair of ribs are floating ribs?

Answer 26

11 and 12

Question 27

which pair of ribs are true ribs?

Answer 27

pairs 1 - 7

Question 28

the uppermost 7 pairs of ribs connect to sternum via _____

Answer 28

costal cartilage

Question 29

what are the rib articulations?

Answer 29

1. Costovertebral articulations a. Joint of head of a rib b. Joint of tubercle of rib 2. Sternocostal articulation 3. Interchondral articulation

Question 30

true or false; when ossification of ribs occur, it goes all the way to sternal end

Answer 30

false; it does not go all the way to sternal end; that is why there are costal cartilages

Question 31

where does ossification of ribs start?

Answer 31

posterior angle

Question 32

when does epiphyses of head and tubercle of ribs start to fuse?

Answer 32

24 years

Question 33

Rib and cartilage 3 or 4 may be split anteriorly, resulting in a _____

Answer 33

bifid rib

Question 34

why are ribs 1-7 considered bucket handles?

Answer 34

handle rises and falls with inspiration and expiration

Question 35

ribs 8-10: gliding movement

Answer 35

• Flat facets on anterosuperior aspects of tips of T8 T10 | vertebral transverse processes allow gliding movement of ribs , which expands chest

Question 36

define synostosis

Answer 36

bony fusion

Question 37

how often does synostosis of corpus sterni to manubrium sterni occur?

Answer 37

may occur in more than 10 percent of adults

Question 38

the manubriosternal joint is a _____ that lie in the _______plane

Answer 38

symphyses; sagittal plane

Question 39

how would you determine sex of individual by looking at body (corpus) of sternum?

Answer 39

length of body of male sternum is usually > 2X length | of the manubrium; in female, length of body of sternum is usually < 2X length of manubrium

Question 40

how many segments in a sternebrae?

Answer 40

starts with 4 and then fuses together

Question 41

manubiosternal joint

Answer 41

hinge-like movements and moveable

Question 42

what does vertebral end of ribs contain

Answer 42

head, neck, tubercle, crest

Question 43

what does body of rib contain

Answer 43

costal groove

Question 44

what forms the greater part of the thorax?

Answer 44

sternum and ribs

Question 45

manubrium sterni is to ____ whereas corpus sterni is to _____

Answer 45

handle; body

Question 46

Medial end of clavicle articulates with clavicular notch | of manubrium, and with 1 st costal cartilage via ________

Answer 46

costoclavicular ligament

Question 47

inferior border of manubrium articulates with corpus sterni at _____ joint

Answer 47

manubriosternal joint, or sternomanubrial joint, at sternal angle

Question 48

corpus sterni = ____ = ______

Answer 48

gladiolus = body

Question 49

the 4 sternebra fuses _______(direction)

Answer 49

caudocranially

Question 50

the 4 sternebra fuses caudocranially. This is called _____ (joint)

Answer 50

synostoses

Question 51

the manubriosternal joint is a ______ joint

Answer 51

symphyses

Question 52

costotransverse joint is a ____ joint

Answer 52

synovial joints

Question 53

which ribs do not have tubercles?

Answer 53

11th and 12th ribs