Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ANTH 352 > Vertebrae part 1 > Flashcards

Vertebrae part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how many vertebrae are there?

A

33

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

in the embryo of every vertebrae, there is a ______

A

notochord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

homo sapiens are from the phylum _____

A

chordata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

remains of notochord are found in the _____

A

nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what was the early vertebrae like?

A

a chain of endochondral (cartilage replacement) bones is formed around notochord to give it stiffness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the ____ of the vertebrae act as levers for muscles and tendons

A

spinous and transverse processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

true or false: the notochord has been functionally replaced

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

vertebral column = ____ = ______= ______

A

spine = spinal column = backbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

vertebrae provides ____ and _______

A

support and protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

vertebral column is subdivided into ___ regions where vertebrae share similar morphologic characteristics

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

there is a total of 33 vertebrae - what are they?

A

Total of 33 vertebrae in human: 7 cervical (C), 12 thoracic (T), 5 lumbar (L), 5 sacral (S), 4 coccygeal (Co)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how many sacrals and coccyx are there?

A

5 sacra (S) and 4 coccygeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the presacral vertebrae?

A

Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

true or false: the presacral vertebrae are immobile

A

false; they are mobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sacral and coccygeal vertebrae usually fuse (no intervertebral movement) in adults to form ______ bones

A

composite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

there is often variance in the number of vertebrae . Which subdivision would experience the most variation?

A

Most common variation is extra thoracic or lumbar vertebra with compensatory shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

true or false: Pattern of 7 cervicalvertebrae is relatively constant–in almost all vertebrate species

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

can you determine the exact number of vertebrae in an archaeological find?

A

no, unless the whole spinal column is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the 4 general parts to each vertebrae?

A

1) body
2) vertebral arch
3) spinous and transverse process
4) articular process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the ____ of the vertebrae is the weight bearing part

A

body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the superior and inferior epiphyses are ____ shaped

A

ring shaped or annular shaped ; useful in determining human from non human

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Large _______ are found particularly on posterior and lateral aspects of vertebral body

A

vascular foraminae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where are vascular foraminae found?

A

posterior and lateral aspects of vertebral body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Superior articular facets are oriented _________

A

posterolaterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Spinous process arises where right and left laminae fuse at _________, and projects posteriorly in sagittal plane
dorsal synchondrosis
26
______arises where laminae fuse at dorsal synchondrosis
Spinous process
27
Spinous processes increase in size ________
supero-inferiorly (craniocaudally)
28
tends to have a more triangular foramen similar to the adjacent cervical vertebrae
thoracic vertebrae
29
Cervical spines of C2-C6 are ____
bifid
30
true or false: C7 has more prominent tubercle than T1
false; C7 ends in a prominent tubercle (not as prominent as T1)
31
transverse process projects _____
laterally
32
articular column projects _____
vertically in parasagittal plane
33
articular column is in ____ plane
parasagittal
34
what is the articular column comprised of?
inferior and superior articular processes(zygapophyses)
35
inferior and superior articular facet take part in ____ joint
plane or gliding (arthrodial) types of synovial joints
36
The superior articular processes arise more from the ______, and the inferior articular processes more from the _____
pedicles; laminae
37
when superior articular facet of one vertebrae articulates to inferior articular facet of another joint, it is called _____
facet joint or an apophyseal joint or a zygapophyseal joint
38
All superior articular processes (cervical, thoracic, lumbar) face posteriorly. What is the function of this?
prevents forward displacement
39
which direction does the superior articular processes face?
posteriorly
40
orientation determines
direction of movement
41
function of articular processes
(1) control and (2) limit intervertebral movements and (3) determine direction of movements
42
what part of the vertebrae is primarily weight bearing
superior and inferior body surface (except C1, C2, and L5)
43
which direction does the cervical superior facet face?
superior facets face obliquely upward and backward
44
thoracic articular process allow for
rotation ; they are set vertically on an arc of a circle
45
lumbar articular process allow for
side bending ; inferior processes of L1 face laterally and those of L5 forward
46
what are arresting grooves caused by
results from impingement by edge of inferior articular process of vertebra next above during hyperextension
47
what can be found on the superior surface of a lamina?
arresting groove
48
true or false: Articular processes do not primarily transmit weight(except C1, C2, L5)
true
49
articular process functions
* Articular processes do not primarily transmit weight(except C1, C2, L5) * Control and limit potentially unrestricted movement of vertebral bodies * Determine direction of movements between adjacent vertebrae * Provide support for posterior aspect of spinal column
50
consecutive vertebral foraminae forms the
vertebral canal
51
in the vertebral canal, there is a
spinal cord
52
where does the solid spinal cord end?
T12 - L2
53
Inferior to L2, spinal cord is replaced by a group of nerves known collectively as the ______–the “horse’s tail”
cauda equina
54
inferior vertebral notch and superior vertebral notch forms
intervertebral foramina
55
what passes through the intervertebral foramen?
spinal nerves
56
true or false ; Vertebral bodies account for roughly ¾ of total length of sacral portion of vertebral column in life
false; PRESACRAL
57
which discs are the thickest?
cervical and lumbar discs ; these are most mobile
58
the annulus fibrosus is made up of _____
multiple concentric fibrocartilaginous lamellae or laminae (layers)
59
A fibrous capsule surrounds and contains each intervertebral disc and connects adjacent vertebral bodies –joint so formed is a
symphysis
60
IV discs functions (4 points)
1. Allows some movement 2. Supportsloads when bending (flexion, extension), distributes loads 3. Absorbscompression forces 4. Resiststension, shear, rotation forces
61
disc effectiveness is related to _______
overall physicochemical condition
62
outer regions of IV disc attach to
ring shaped epiphyses
63
prenatal life vertebrae curvature
uniformly curved ; primary curvature
64
cervical and lumbar regions are ____ curvature
secondary or compensatory
65
thoracic and sacral regions are ____ curvature
primary
66
discs are ___ shaped
wedged
67
true or false: movement is the least when discs are thickest
false; movement is the least when discs are thinnest
68
which part of the vertebrae is there the least movement?
the regions of the thoracic and pelvic cavities, where the column is concave anteriorly –primary curvatures
69
which part of the vertebrae is there the thickest nucleus pulposus and IV discs the thickest?
cervical and lumbar areas; the most mobile regions ; the secondary curvatures
70
in the cervical and lumbar regions, each disc is thicker ____ than _____
anteriorly; posteriorly
71
true or false: disc affect spinal curvature
true
72
thoracic discs anteriorly and posteriorly
the same thickness anteriorly and posteriorly
73
trabecular structure in vertebral body allows for _____
mechanical loading | vertebral body behaves like a hydraulic structure
74
trabecular bone filled with bone marrow and blood, allow vertebral body to behave like a _____
hydraulic structure
75
prior to fusion, each vertebrae consists of 3 parts. What are they?
1. ) centrum 2. ) 2 neural arches 3. ) synchondrosis
76
what do neural synchondroses allow for?
allows vertebral arches to grow as spinal cord diameter enlarges
77
which segments in the vertebral column is weight bearing? Which are not weight bearing?
weight bearing: C3 - S1 | not weight bearing: S2 - Co4
78
combined auricular surface of S1-S3 transfers the weight to which joint?
transfers weight to the ilia at the sacroiliac joints
79
body of vertebrae has trabecular structure. What does this mimic?
hydraulic structure whereby the fluids are incompressible
80
prior to fusion, each vertebra consists of 3 parts:
1) a centrum 2) 2 neural arches 3) synchondroses
81
which fuses first: the dorsal synchondroses or the neural synchondroses?
dorsal synchondroses
82
central nervous system consists of ____
brain and spinal cord
83
right and left laminae fusing makes the ______
spinous process
84
the articular column is in the _____ plane
parasagittal
85
orientation of articular process determines ________
direction of movement

ANTH 352 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions