Week 3 - Textbook - Chapter 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Dichotic Listening
A
- Collin Cherry 1953
- Presented different stimuli to each ear
- Participants focused on one ear and shadow by repeating it out loud
- Found people could shadow a message attended to in one ear
- No memory of unattended ear, but could identify some features such as gender of speaker
2
Q
Shadowing
A
- In Dichotic Listening people can follow and repeat sentences spoken while attending to one ear.
- Memory of unattended ear is not found but some features of the message can be recalled
3
Q
Neville Moray 1959
A
- Found people were unaware of a word repeated frequently in unattended ear
- Found the could recognise when their name was said in unattended
- Cocktail Party Effect
4
Q
Sensory Memory
A
- Broadbent 1958
- Holds incoming information for a fraction of a second
- Then transfers information to the Filter
5
Q
Broadbent Filter
A
- Identifies the information received by the Sensory Memory
- Based on physical characteristics like voice, pitch, accent
- Only lets attended messages pass to Detector
- All other messages are filtered out.
6
Q
Broadbent - Detector
A
- Focuses on the attended information from the filter
- Proceses this information into perception
- determines Higher level characteristics of the message
- Transfers some information to the Long-term Memory
- Detector processes all information it receives from the filter
7
Q
Early Selection Model
A
- Another name for the Broadbent Filter Model of Attention
- Eliminates unattended information at the beginning of the flow of information
8
Q
Attenuation Model of Attention
A
- Treisman 1964
- Replaced Broadbent Filter with Attenuator
- Attenuator analyses information according to physical characteristics, language and meaning
- Both attended and unattended information pass through the attenuator but only attended messages are attenuated
9
Q
Treisman - Dictionary Unit
A
- Contains words stored in memory
- Words have a threshold for being activated
- Words with low activation threshold are common or important to the listener and more easily perceived
10
Q
Late Selection Models of Attention
A
Models that propose most of the information we receive is processed to the level of meaning before it is selected as important
11
Q
Load Theory of Attention
A
- Lavie 2008
- More distractions and task load make it harder to perceive unattended information
- Tasks with low Perceptual Load make it easier to recall unattended information
12
Q
Task-irrelevant Stimuli
A
- Stimulus that is not relevant to the task at hand.
- High -load tasks do not leave room in perceptual load to perceive task-irrelevant stimuli
13
Q
Fovea
A
- Objects in Central Vision are focused with this area of the retina
- Has better detail vision than the peripheral retina
14
Q
Fixation
A
When our eyes pause on an area to perceive details
15
Q
Saccadic Eye Movement
A
Moving eyes from side to side to perceive many objects in field of vision
