Week 2 Chemical Level of Organization

Question 1

Chemistry

Answer 1

Structure, arrangement, and composition of substances and interactions they undergo.

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 3

Mass

Answer 3

Amount of matter in any object. (Does not change)

Question 4

Weight

Answer 4

Force of gravity acting on matter. (Does change)

Question 5

Element

Answer 5

“Pure” Cannot be broken down or decomposed into 2 or more different substances

Question 6

What are the 4 major elements that make up 96% of the body?

Answer 6

Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen

Question 7

Compound

Answer 7

2 or more elements joined to form chemical combination. (Can be broken down into the elements that are contained within them)

Question 8

Atoms

Answer 8

Smallest units of matter

Question 9

The 3 most important subatomic particles are?

Answer 9

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

Question 10

Protons

Answer 10

Positively charged subatomic particles found in nucleus

Question 11

Neutrons

Answer 11

Neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus

Question 12

Electrons

Answer 12

Negatively charged subatomic particles found in the electron cloud

Question 13

Electron Cloud

Answer 13

Space surrounding the nucleus

Question 14

Valence Shell

Answer 14

Outermost electron shell

Question 15

Number of electrons in an atom is ______ number of protons in nucleus

Answer 15

Equal to

Question 16

Atomic Number

Answer 16

The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus

Question 17

Mass Number

Answer 17

The mass of a single atom (mass number = p + n)

Question 18

AMU

Answer 18

Atomic Mass Unit

Question 19

Atomic mass number

Answer 19

Measure of mass of atoms and their subatomic particles

Question 20

Atomic Weight

Answer 20

Average mass number for a particular element based on portion of different isotopes in nature

Question 21

Isotopes

Answer 21

Atoms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons and therefore different mass numbers

Question 22

Ions

Answer 22

atom with an electrical charge because of unequal of protons and electrons

Question 23

Ions can be ____ or ___ charged.

Answer 23

positively or negatively

Question 24

Ions with ____ charges are attracted to each other

Answer 24

opposite

Question 25

Molecule

Answer 25

A combination of 2 or more atoms of the same kind that share electrons

Question 26

Chemical Bonds

Answer 26

Forces that hold together atoms of a molecule or compound

Question 27

Octet Rule

Answer 27

atoms with fewer or more than eight electrons will attempt to lose,gain, or share electrons with other atoms to achieve stability

Question 28

Ionic Bonds

Answer 28

A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons or exchange from one atom to another

Question 29

Cation

Answer 29

Positively charged ion

Question 30

Anion

Answer 30

Negatively charged ion

Question 31

Covalent Bonds

Answer 31

a bond formed by sharing of one or more pairs of electrons

Question 32

_____ are the most common chemical bonds in the body

Answer 32

Covalent Bonds

Question 33

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 33

Bonds that result from unequal charge distribution on a molecule

Question 34

3 factors that influence chemical reactions

Answer 34

Concentration, Temperature, Catalysts

Question 35

3 characteristics of inorganic compounds are:

Answer 35

1. usually lack carbon 2. structurally simple 3. no carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds

Question 36

Characteristics of organic compounds are:

Answer 36

composed of molecules containing carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds 2. Large molecules 3. Complex in structure

Question 37

water is a _____ molecule

Answer 37

inorganic

Question 38

Solvent

Answer 38

The liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution

Question 39

Electrolytes

Answer 39

Substances that break up, or dissociate, in solution to form charged particles or ions (ie. Acids, Bases, Salts)

Question 40

Acid

Answer 40

Substance that will release a hydrogen ion when in a solution

Question 41

Bases

Answer 41

AKA Alkaline substances shift hydrogen/hydroxide in favor of the OH-

Question 42

Exchange Reaction

Answer 42

Chemical bonds are both made and broken

Question 43

Reversible Reactions

Answer 43

Pertains to synthesis, decomposition, and exchange reactions. Reverses those reactions

Question 44

Synthesis Reactions

Answer 44

AKA anabolic reaction. 2 or more atoms, ions, or molecules combine to form a different, more complex substance

Question 45

Decomposition Reaction

Answer 45

Breaking down of a substance into two or more simpler substances. Catabolic Reaction

Question 46

Electrolytes

Answer 46

Substances that break up, dissociate, in solution to form charged particles or ions

Question 47

pH of 7

Answer 47

neutrality

Question 48

pH > 7

Answer 48

Alkalinity

Question 49

pH < 7

Answer 49

indicates acidity

Question 50

Helps maintain the constancy of pH

Answer 50

Buffers

Question 51

Results from a chemical interaction of an acid and a base

Answer 51

Salts