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BIO 100 Anatomy and Physiology > Week 2 Chemical Level of Organization > Flashcards

Week 2 Chemical Level of Organization Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chemistry

A

Structure, arrangement, and composition of substances and interactions they undergo.

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2
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and occupies space

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3
Q

Mass

A

Amount of matter in any object. (Does not change)

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4
Q

Weight

A

Force of gravity acting on matter. (Does change)

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5
Q

Element

A

“Pure” Cannot be broken down or decomposed into 2 or more different substances

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6
Q

What are the 4 major elements that make up 96% of the body?

A

Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen

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7
Q

Compound

A

2 or more elements joined to form chemical combination. (Can be broken down into the elements that are contained within them)

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8
Q

Atoms

A

Smallest units of matter

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9
Q

The 3 most important subatomic particles are?

A

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

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10
Q

Protons

A

Positively charged subatomic particles found in nucleus

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11
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus

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12
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged subatomic particles found in the electron cloud

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13
Q

Electron Cloud

A

Space surrounding the nucleus

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14
Q

Valence Shell

A

Outermost electron shell

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15
Q

Number of electrons in an atom is ______ number of protons in nucleus

A

Equal to

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16
Q

Atomic Number

A

The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus

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17
Q

Mass Number

A

The mass of a single atom (mass number = p + n)

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18
Q

AMU

A

Atomic Mass Unit

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19
Q

Atomic mass number

A

Measure of mass of atoms and their subatomic particles

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20
Q

Atomic Weight

A

Average mass number for a particular element based on portion of different isotopes in nature

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21
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons and therefore different mass numbers

22
Q

Ions

A

atom with an electrical charge because of unequal of protons and electrons

23
Q

Ions can be ____ or ___ charged.

A

positively or negatively

24
Q

Ions with ____ charges are attracted to each other

A

opposite

25
Q

Molecule

A

A combination of 2 or more atoms of the same kind that share electrons

26
Q

Chemical Bonds

A

Forces that hold together atoms of a molecule or compound

27
Q

Octet Rule

A

atoms with fewer or more than eight electrons will attempt to lose,gain, or share electrons with other atoms to achieve stability

28
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons or exchange from one atom to another

29
Q

Cation

A

Positively charged ion

30
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged ion

31
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

a bond formed by sharing of one or more pairs of electrons

32
Q

_____ are the most common chemical bonds in the body

A

Covalent Bonds

33
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A

Bonds that result from unequal charge distribution on a molecule

34
Q

3 factors that influence chemical reactions

A

Concentration, Temperature, Catalysts

35
Q

3 characteristics of inorganic compounds are:

A
  1. usually lack carbon
  2. structurally simple
  3. no carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds
36
Q

Characteristics of organic compounds are:

A

composed of molecules containing carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds

  1. Large molecules
  2. Complex in structure
37
Q

water is a _____ molecule

A

inorganic

38
Q

Solvent

A

The liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution

39
Q

Electrolytes

A

Substances that break up, or dissociate, in solution to form charged particles or ions (ie. Acids, Bases, Salts)

40
Q

Acid

A

Substance that will release a hydrogen ion when in a solution

41
Q

Bases

A

AKA Alkaline substances shift hydrogen/hydroxide in favor of the OH-

42
Q

Exchange Reaction

A

Chemical bonds are both made and broken

43
Q

Reversible Reactions

A

Pertains to synthesis, decomposition, and exchange reactions. Reverses those reactions

44
Q

Synthesis Reactions

A

AKA anabolic reaction. 2 or more atoms, ions, or molecules combine to form a different, more complex substance

45
Q

Decomposition Reaction

A

Breaking down of a substance into two or more simpler substances.
Catabolic Reaction

46
Q

Electrolytes

A

Substances that break up, dissociate, in solution to form charged particles or ions

47
Q

pH of 7

A

neutrality

48
Q

pH > 7

A

Alkalinity

49
Q

pH < 7

A

indicates acidity

50
Q

Helps maintain the constancy of pH

A

Buffers

51
Q

Results from a chemical interaction of an acid and a base

A

Salts

BIO 100 Anatomy and Physiology (23 decks)

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