Trunk Flashcards
Name the muscle and its origin
Trapezius
Origin:
- External Occipital protruberance,
- Medial portion of superior nuchal line of occiput,
- ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes C7 - T12
Name the muscle and its insertion
Trapezius
Insertion: Lateral one third of clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula
Name the muscle and its actions
Trapezius
Upper Fibers
Bilaterally:
Extend the head and neck
Unilaterally:
Laterally flex the head and neck to same side
Rotate the head and neck to the opposite side
Elevate the scapula (scapulothoracic joint)
Upwardly rotate the scapula
Middle Fibers
Adduct the scapula (ST joint)
Stabilize the scapula (ST joint)
Lower Fibers
Depress the scapula (ST)
Upwardly rotate the scapula (ST)
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin:
- Inferior angle of scapula
- Spinous process of last six thoracic vertebrae
- last 3 or 4 ribs
- Thoracolumbar aponeurosis and posterior iliac crest
Insertion: Intertubercular groove of the humerus
Name the muscle and its actions
Latissimus Dorsi
Actions:
- Extend the shoulder (GH)
- Adduct the shoulder (GH)
- Medially rotate shoulder (GH)
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Rhomboid Major
Origin: Spinous processes of T2-T5
Insertion: Medial border of the scapula between the spine of the scapula and inferior angle
Name the muscle and its actions
Rhomboid Major
Actions:
- Adduct the scapula (ST)
- Elevate the scapula (ST)
- Downwardly rotate the scapula (ST)
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Rhomboid Minor
Origin: Spinous processes of C7-T1
Insertion: Upper portion of medial border of the scapula, across from spine of scapula
Name the muscle and its actions
Rhomboid Minor
Actions:
- Adduct the scapula (ST)
- Elevate the scapula (ST)
- Downwardly rotate the scapula (ST)
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Levator Scapula
Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertion: Medial border of scapula, between superior angle and superior portion of spine of scapula
Name the muscle and its actions
Levator Scapula
Actions:
Unilaterally:
- Elevate the scapula (ST)
- Downwardly rotate scapula (ST)
- Laterally flex the head and neck
- Rotate the head and neck to the same side
Bilaterally:
- Extend head and neck
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Serratus Anterior
Origin: External surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs
Insertion: Anterior surface of medial border of scapula
Name the muscle and its actions
Serratus Anterior
Actions:
- Abduct the scapula (ST)
- Upwardly rotate the scapula (ST)
- Depress scapula (ST)
- Hold the medial border of the scapula against the rib cage
With scapula fixed: May act to elevate thorax during forced inhalation
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion, as well as its 3 fibers
Pectoralis Major
Upper fibers - Clavicular
Middle fibers - Sternal
Lower fibers - Costal
Origin: Medial half of clavicle, sternum and cartilage of 1st - 6th ribs
Insertion: Crest of greater tubercle of humerus
Name the muscle and its actions
Pectoralis Major
Actions:
All fibers
- Adduct the shoulder (GH)
- Medially rotate shoulder (GH)
- Assist to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation (w/ arm fixed)
Upper fibers
- Flex the shoulder (GH)
- Horizontally adduct shoulder (GH)
Lower fibers
-Extend the shoulder (GH)
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Pectoralis Minor
Origin: 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs
Insertion: Medial surface of coracoid process of scapula
Name the muscle and its actions
Pectoralis Minor
Actions:
- Depress scapula (ST)
- Abduct scapula (ST)
- Downwardly rotate scapula (ST)
With scapula fixed: Assist to elevate thorax during forced inhalation
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Subclavius
Origin: 1st rib and cartilage
Insertion: Inferior surface of the middle 1/3 of the clavicle
Name the muscle and its actions
Subclavius
Actions:
- depress clavicle and draw it anterior
- elevate 1st rib during inhalation
- stabilize sternoclavicualr joint
Name the muscle and its action
Erector Spinae Group
Actions:
Unilaterally
- lateral flexion of the vertebral column
Bilaterally
- Extend the vertebral column
Name the muscle and each group of its fibers
Erector Spinae Group
Blue: Spinalis
Yellow: Longissimus
Green: Iliocostalis (reflected)
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Multifidi
Origin: Sacrum and transverse processes of lumbar-cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through 2nd cervical vertebrae
Name the muscle and its actions
Multifidi
Actions:
Unilaterally - Rotate vertebral column to opposite side
Bilaterally - Extend the vertebral column
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Rotatores
Origin: Transverse processes of lumbar-cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through 2nd cervical vertebrae
Span: 1-2 vertebrae
Name the muscle and its actions
Rotatores
Actions:
Unilaterally - Rotate vertebral column to opposite side
Bilaterally - Extend the vertebral column
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Quadratus Lumborum
Origin: Posterior iliac crest
Insertion: Last rib and transverse processes of 1st through 4th lumbar vertebrae
Name the muscle and its actions
Quadratus Lumborum
Actions:
Unilaterally
- Laterally tilt (elevate) the pelvis
- Laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side
Bilaterally
- Assist to extend the vertebral column
- Fix the last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation
Name the muscle and its actions
Rectus Abdominus
Actions:
- Flex the vertebral column
- Tilt pelvis posteriorly
Name the muscle and its actions
Abdominals: External Oblique
Actions:
Unilaterally
- Laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
- Rotate vertebral column to the opposite side
Bilaterally
- Flex the vertebral column
- Compress abdominal contents
Name the muscle and its actions
Abdominals: Internal Oblique
Actions:
Unilaterally
- Laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
- Rotate vertebral column to the same side
Bilaterally
- Flex the vertebral column
- Compress abdominal contents
Name the muscle and its actions
Abdominals: Transverse Abdominis
Actions: Compress abdominal contents
Name the muscle and its actions
Diaphragm
Actions:
- Draw down the central tendon of the diaphragm
- Increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Intercostals
Origin: Inferior border of the rib above
Insertion: Superior border of the rib below
Name the muscle and its different fiber groups
Intercostals
Blue: External intercostals
Green: Internal intercostals
Name the muscle and its actions
Intercostals
Actions:
External intercostals - Draw the ribs superiorly (increasing space of thoracic cavity) to assist with inhalation
Internal intercostals - Draw ribs inferiorly (decreasing space of the thoracic cavity) to assist with exhalation
Name the mucle in blue and its actions
Serratus Posterior Superior
Actions: Elevate ribs during inhalation
Name the muscle in green and its actions
Serratus Posterior Inferior
Actions: Depress ribs during exhalation
Name the muscle and its actions
Intertransversarii
Actions:
Unilaterally - Laterally flex vertebral column to same side
Bilaterlly - Extend the vertebral column
Name the muscle and its actions
Interspinalis
Action: Extend the vertebral column
