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BIO 100 Anatomy and Physiology > skin > Flashcards

skin Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

____ is the body’s largest organ

A

skin

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2
Q

____ is a vital, complex, diverse, and extensive organ

A

skin

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3
Q

Skin consists of 2 main layers:

A
  • Epidermis

- Dermis

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4
Q

Superficial epithelial layer

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

Deep vascular connective tissue layer

A

Dermis

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6
Q

flat organ classified as a membrane

A

cutaneous membrane

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7
Q

system consisting of skin and appendages (hair, glands, nails, etc)

A

Integumentary system

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8
Q

Type of skin that covers most of our body surface, everywhere except palms of hands & soles of feet

A

Thin skin

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9
Q

Type of skin that does not contain hair, found on soles of our feet and palms of our hands. Friction ridges form fingerprints

A

Thick skin

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10
Q

____ ____ are created by the projections of the epidermis that lock into the papillary dermis (upward projections of the dermis)

A

Friction ridges

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11
Q

Most superficial layer of skin composed of several different types of epithelial cells

A

Epidermis

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12
Q

Epidermis consists of the following 4 types of epithelial cells:

A
  • keratinocytes
  • melanocytes
  • dendritic cells
  • tactile epithelial cells (merkel cells)
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13
Q

Tough fibrous protein that protects the epidermis from mechanical and shearing forces

A

keratin

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14
Q

_____ constitutes over 90% of cells present in epidermis

A

keratinocytes

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15
Q

Once keratinocytes have migrated to the outer most layer and flattened out, they are sometimes called _____.

A

corneocytes

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16
Q

__cytes do not migrate.

A

melanocytes

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17
Q

type of cell in epidermis that makes granules of pigment called melanin

A

Melanocytes

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18
Q

pigment that migrates around nucleus of specialized cell to shield DNA from UV radiation by reducing the amount of UV that can penetrate into deeper layers of skin

A

melanin

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19
Q

type of cell in the epidermis that are branched and play a role in the immune response

A

Dendritic cells

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20
Q

Type of cell in the epidermis located in the deepest layer of the epidermis near sensory nerve endings and serve as light touch receptors

A

Tactile (Merkel) cells

21
Q

5 layers or strata of the epidermis are:

A

Superficial to deep:

  • stratum Corneum
  • stratum Lucidem
  • stratum Granulosum
  • stratum Spinosum
  • stratum Basale

Come, Let’s Get Sun Burn!

22
Q

Type of distinct epidermis layer only found in thick skin

A

stratum lucidum

23
Q

Base layer of the epidermis attached to the basement membrane via Rete Pegs and consist of 1 layer of columnar cells

A

stratum basale

24
Q

downward projections into the papillary dermis

A

Rete Pegs

25
Q

spiny layer of the epidermis where cells are arranged in 8 to 10 layers of irregularly shaped cells. These cells are rich in RNA

A

stratum spinosum

26
Q

granular layer of the epidermis that is 3-5 layers thick. Keratinocytes begin keratin formation here

A

stratum granulosum

27
Q

release a lipid rich fluid that acts as a water-repellent sealant to reduce water and particle loss/entry

A

lamellar granules

28
Q

cells start degeneration, getting further away from the blood supply in this epidermis layer

A

stratum granulosum

29
Q

programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

30
Q

clear layer of the epidermis ONLY present in thick skin. few layers thick of flattened, dead keratinocytes

A

stratum lucidum

31
Q

AKA “horny” layer of the epidermis and is the most superficial layer (15-30 layers thick) composed of dead/dying squamous cells

A

stratum corneum

32
Q

refers to time required for keratinocytes to form in the stratum basale and migrate to the skin surface

A

turnover, or regeneration

33
Q

Average turnover/regeneration time:

A

35 days (4-6 weeks)

34
Q

shortened turnover time will increase the thickness of the ____ _____ layer and may result in callus formation

A

stratum corneum

35
Q

As cells migrate from the basal layer to corneum they:

A

take on more keratin (keratinization)

36
Q

contains polysaccharide gel that glues the two layers together

A

basement membrane

37
Q

____ ____ is the dermoepidermal junction that resists shear forces and creates a partial barrier to some large molecules

A

Dermoepidermal Junction

38
Q

sometimes called “true skin” - much thicker than the epidermis and lies beneath it

A

Dermis

39
Q

3 functions of the dermis:

A
  • gives strength to the skin
  • provides protection against mechanical injury and compression
  • Serves as a reservoir area for storage of water and electrolytes
40
Q

the _____ contains many nerves and nerve endings and is highly vascularized

A

dermis

41
Q

Composed of fine collagenous and elastic fibers - dense irregular connective tissue.

A

Papillary Layer

42
Q

____ ____ is composed of dermal papillae that project into the epidermis

A

Papillary layer

43
Q

____ ____ forms a unique pattern that gives an individual fingerprints and also makes up <20% of the dermis

A

Papillary layer

44
Q

Contains dense interlacing white collagenous fibers and elastic fibers to make the skin tough yet stretchable - dense irregular C.T.

A

Reticular layer

45
Q

The ____ layer contains many sensory receptors and nerve endings and provides attachment site for skeletal muscle of the face and scalp

A

Reticular

46
Q

AKA subcutaneous layer/superficial fascia that lies deep to the dermis and consists of mostly loose fibrous and adipose tissue

A

Hypodermis

47
Q

The 3 functions of the Hypodermis are:

A

anchors skin to underlying tissues (muscle), energy source, thermoregulation

48
Q

Lack/decreased function of tyrosinase

A

albinism

49
Q

7 functions of skin:

A
  • Protection
  • Sensation
  • Flexibility
  • Excretion
  • Hormone production
  • Immunity
  • Homeostasis of body temperature

BIO 100 Anatomy and Physiology (23 decks)

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