Muscles: Head, Face, Neck Flashcards
Name the muscle and its origin, insertion, and action
Semispinalis Capitis
Origin: Transverse processes of C4-T5
Insertion: Between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Action: Extend the vertebral column and head
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Splenius Capitis
Origin: Inferior one-half of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7 - T4
Insertion: Mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
Name the muscles and its actions
Splenius Capitis and Cervicis
Actions:
Unilaterally
Rotate the head and neck to the same side
Laterally flex the head and neck
Bilaterally
Extend the head and neck
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Splenius Cervicis
Origin: Spinous processes of T3 - T6
Insertion: Transverse processes of C1 - C3
Name the muscles and their actions
Suboccipitals
Green: Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor (RCPMi)
Blue: Rectus Capitis Posterior Major (RCPMa)
Yellow: Oblique Capitis Superior (OCS)
Orange: Oblique Capitis Inferior (OCI)
Actions
RCPMa, RCPMi, OCS: rock and tilt head back into extension
RCPMa, OCI: Rotate head to same side
OCS: Laterally flex head to same side
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Sternocleidomastoid
Green: Sternal head
Blue: Clavicular head
Origin
Sternal head: Top of manubrium
Clavicular head: Medial one-third of the clavicle
Instertion
Mastoid process of temporal bone and the lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput
Name the muscle and its actions
Sternocleidomastoid
Actions:
Unilaterally
Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
Rotate the head and neck to the opposite side
Bilaterally
Flex the neck
Assist to elevate the ribcage during forced inhalation
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Scalenes
Blue: Posterior
Green: Middle
Yellow: Anterior
Origins
Anterior Scalene: Transverse processes of C3 - C6 (anterior tubercles)
Middle Scalene: Transverse processes of C2 - C7 (posterior tubercles)
Posterior Scalene: Transverse processes of C6 and C7 (posterior tubercles)
Insertions
Anterior and Middle: 1st rib
Posterior: 2nd rib
Name the muscle and its actions
Scalenes
Actions:
Unilaterally
With 1st rib fixed, laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
Rotate head and neck to the opposite side
Bilaterally
Elevate the ribs during inhalation
Flex the head and neck (anterior only)
Name the muscle and its origin, insertion, and action
Masseter
Origin: Zygomatic arch
Insertion: Angle and ramus of mandible
Actions:
Elevate the mandible (TMJ)
May assist to protract the mandible (TMJ)
Name the muscle and its origin, insertion, and actions
Temporalis
Origin: Temporal fossa and fascia
Insertion: Coronoid process and anterior edge of ramus of the mandible
Actions:
Elevate the manible (TMJ)
Retract the mandible (TMJ)
Name the muscles and its muscle group
Suprahyoids and Digastric
Green: Mylohyoid
Blue: Diagastric (anterior belly)
Yellow: Stylohyoid
Orange: Digastric (posterior belly)
Name the muscle group and its actions
Suprahyoids and Digastric
Actions:
Suprahyoids
Elevate hyoid and tongue
Depress mandible (TMJ)
Digastric
With hyoid bone fixed, depress the mandible (TMJ)
With mandible fixed, elevate hyoid bone
Retract mandible (TMJ)
Name the muscles and its actions
Infrahyoids
Actions:
Depress the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Occipitofrontalis
Origin: Galea aponeurotica
Insertion:
Frontalis: Skin superior to eyebrows
Occipitalis: superior nuchal line of occiput
Name the muscle and its actions
Occipitofrontalis
Actions
Frontalis: Raise eyebrows and wrinkle forehead
Occipitalis: Anchor and retract galea posteriorly
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Medial Pterygoid
Origin: Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone and tuberosity of maxilla
Insertion: Medial surface of ramus of the mandible
Name the muscle and its actions
Medial Pterygoid
Actions
Unilaterally: Laterally deviate the mandible to the opposite side
Bilaterally:
Elevate the mandible
Protract the mandible
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Lateral Pterygoid
Origin
Superior head: Infratemoporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone
Inferior head: Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
Insertion: Articular disc and capsule of TMJ, neck of mandible
Name the muscle and its actions
Lateral Pterygoid
Actions
Unilaterally: Laterally deviate the mandible to the opposite side
Bilaterally: Protract the mandible
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Longus Capitis
Origin: Transverse processes of C3 - C6
Insertion: Inferior surface of occiput
Name the muscle and its actions:
Longus Capitis
Actions
Unilaterally: Laterally flex head and neck to same side
rotate head and neck to same side
Bilaterally: Flex head and neck
Name the muscle and its origin and insertion
Longus Colli
Origin: Bodies of C5 - T3, and transverse processes of C3 - C5
Insertion: Tubercle on anterior arch of atlas; bodies of axis, C3, and C4; transverse processes of C5 - C6
Name the muscle and its actions
Longus Colli
Actions
Unilaterally: Laterally flex head and neck to same side;
rotate head and neck to same side
Bilaterally: flex head and neck
