Articulations Flashcards
point of contact between bones (3)
Articulation/Joint/Arthrosis
joint scope
arthroscopy
joint repair
arthroplasty
Joints are classified into these 2 major categories:
- Structural - Functional
Structural system is base on (2):
- Presence of fluid filled joint space 2. Type of connective tissue
Functional system is based on:
type of movement allowed at the joint
Name the structural and functional type of joint: - No joint cavity -Bones of joints fit closely together - 3 types (syndesmoses, sutures, gomphoses
Structural: Fibrous Joints Functional: Synarthroses
joints in which fibrous bands (ligaments) connect 2 bones slightly movable
Syndesmoses
joints: - found only in the skull - have a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue - adjacent bones interlock with each other - slight movable joint in children - immovable in adults-become ossified
Sutures
frontal bone suture that is ossified (has no connective tissue)
Synotosis
joint: - formed between the root of a tooth and the sockets (alveoli) of the mandible or maxillae - immovable joint when healthy
Gomphoses
Fibrous tissue between root and bone in gomphoses joint
periodontal membrane
Name the structural and functional type of joint: - no joint cavity - bones of joints are joined together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage - allow no motion to very little motion - 2 types (synchondroses, symphyses)
Structural: Cartilaginous Functional: Amphiarthroses
joint: - connecting material between articulating bones is hyaline cartilage - immovable
Synchondroses
joint: - with a pad or disc of fibrocartilage between 2 bones - most occur in midline of body - slight movement
Symphyses
Name the structural and functional type of joint: - freely movable - most numerous and anatomically complex joints - comprise a majority of the joints in the appendicular skeleton
Structural: Synovial Joints Functional: Diarthroses
Structure of synovial joints (7):
- Joint capsule (2 layers) 2. Synovial membrane 3. Articular cartilage 4. Joint cavity 5. Menisci 6. Ligaments 7. Bursae/Tendon sheath
The ____ _____ forms a complete casing around a synovial joint
joint capsule
The ____ ____ lines the inner surface of the joint capsule, and attaches to the margins of the articular cartilage
synovial membrane
2 functions of the synovial membrane:
- lubricates - nourishes
Thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bones and reduces friction during movement, as well as absorbs shock
articular cartilage
small space between bones that allows for extensive movement
joint cavity
pads of fibrocartilage between articulating bones that usually divide the joint cavity into 2 separate spaces; allowing separate movements
Menisci (articular disks)
4 functions of menisci:
- shock absorption - better fit between articulating bones - larger contact surface for weight bearing - synovial fluid distribution across joint surfaces
fibrocartilaginous lip that extends from joint socket and increases contact area between bones
Labrum
____ deepens joint socket of shoulder and hip
labrum
strong cords of dense, regular fibrous tissue that hold bones of synovial joint together more firmly
ligaments
sac-like structure surrounded by synovial membrane. It is filled with synovial fluid, and found between skin and bones, tendons and bones, muscles and bones, or ligaments and bones.
Bursae
_____ cushion joint or facilitate movement of tendons
bursae
tube-like bursae that wrap around tendons that receive a lot of wear and tear
Tendon (synovial) sheaths
____ are extension of the joint capsule but wraps around tendon. It protects tendon as it slides back and forth with movement.
Tendon (synovial) sheaths
The 3 types of synovial joints are:
- uniaxial - biaxial - multiaxial
synovial joints that permit movement around 1 axis and in only 1 plane
Uniaxial
pivot joints and hinge joints are types of _____ synovial joints.
uniaxial
the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another bone
hinge joints
a projection of one bone articulates with a ring or notch of another bone
pivot joints
synovial diarthroses that permit movement around 2 perpedicular axes in 2 perpendicular planes
biaxial
articulating ends of the bones resemble reciprocally shaped miniature saddles these are only in the thumb
saddle joints
joint where condyle fits into an elliptical socket
Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joints
The distal end of the radius fitting into the depression of the carpal bones (scaphoid, lunate, triquitrum) is an example of what type of joint?
Condyloid, biaxial, synovial joint
Synovial joints that permit movements around 3 or more axes in 3 or more planes
multiaxial
The shoulder joint is an example of what type of joint?
Ball and socket, multiaxial, synovial
relatively flat articulating surfaces that allow sliding movements along various axes
gliding joints
Name the structure

Articular Cartilage
Name the type of synovial joint

ball and socket joint (multiaxial)
Name the component

cartilage
Name the component

compact bone
Name the component

compact bone
Name the type of joint

Condyloid joint
Name the type of synovial joint

Gliding joint
Name the type of joint

Gomphoses, Fibrous Joint
Name the type of synovial joint

Hinge Joint
name the component

Joint capsule
Name the component

joint cavity (contains synovial fluid)
name the component

ligament
name the types of synovial joints

green: hinge joint
blue: pivot joint
red: saddle joint
yellow: condyloid
orange: ball and socket
pink: gliding joint
name the component

periosteum
name the type of synovial joint

pivot joint
name the type of synovial joints

pivot joints
name the joint

pubic symphesis cartilaginous
name the type of synovial joint

saddle joint
name the component

spongy bone
name the type of joint

sutures, fibrous
name the type of joint

sympheses cartilagenous
name the type of joint

synchondroses cartilaginous
name the type of joint

syndesmoses fibrous
name the component

synovial fluid
name the component

synovial membrane
name the type of joint

uniaxial synovial
What type of movement occurs within the intercarpal jts, intertarsal jts, and articular facets of vertebrae?
gliding movement
assessment used to determine the extent of joint injury
ROM range of Motion assessment
ROM is measured by an intrument called:
goniometer
The shoulder consists of these 3 joints:
- glenohumeral
- sternoclavicular
- acromioclavicular
4 structures that strengthen the shoulder joint:
- ligaments
- muscles
- tendons
- bursae
What 2 joints make up the elbow?
- humeroulnar joint
- humeroradial joint
inflammation of the elbow bursa:
Olecranon bursitis
Blows to the “funny bone” are really hitting what?
the ulnar nerve
dislocation or subluxation of the radial head is sometimes called:
Nursemaid’s Elbow
What articulations make up the wrist joint?
- radiocarpal joint
- intercarpal/midcarpal joints
most common wrist fracture:
fracture of radial styloid process (AKA Colles’ fracture/Dinner-fork deformity)
The hand is comprised of 3 categories of synovial joints
- carpometacarpal joints
- metacarpophalangeal joints
- interphalangeal joints
articulation between the carpal bones and the metacarpal bones:
carpometacarpal joints