Week 16 / GI system 3 Flashcards
Q: What are the three main subdivisions of the small intestine?
A: The three main subdivisions are:
Duodenum (including hepatopancreatic organs)
Jejunum
Ileum
Q: What is the main function of the jejunum?
A: The jejunum is the primary site for nutrient absorption.
Q: What is the primary role of the duodenum in the small intestine?
A: The duodenum is where most chemical digestion begins with the help of bile from the liver and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
Q: What is the primary role of the ileum?
A: The ileum absorbs vitamin B12, bile salts, and remaining nutrients before passing the chyme to the large intestine.
Q: How long is the duodenum?
A: The duodenum is the first 10 inches of the small intestine.
Q: What is the primary function of the duodenum?
A: The duodenum is the first site of intensive digestion and receives bile and pancreatic juice.
Q: How do bile and pancreatic juice reach the duodenum?
A: They are delivered via the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct.
Q: What happens when fatty chyme enters the duodenum?
A: The duodenum releases cholecystokinin (CCK), which triggers the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes.
Q: What is the duodenum’s response to acidic chyme?
A: Acidic chyme stimulates the release of secretin, which promotes the release of pancreatic bicarbonate to neutralize the acidity.
Q: What are the two functional divisions of the pancreas?
A: Exocrine and Endocrine.
Q: What do duct cells in the pancreas secrete?
A: An aqueous bicarbonate solution.
Q: What do acinar cells in the pancreas secrete?
A: Pancreatic juice containing proteases, amylase, and lipase.
Q: What cells make up the endocrine pancreas?
A: Islets of Langerhans, including β-cells and α-cells.
Q: What do β-cells in the pancreas secrete?
A: Insulin.
Q: What do α-cells in the pancreas secrete?
A: Glucagon.
Q: What are the endocrine cells of the pancreas, and what do they secrete?
A: Endocrine cells include β-cells (secrete insulin) and α-cells (secrete glucagon).
Q: What do exocrine cells in the pancreas secrete?
A: Digestive enzymes, including proteases, amylase, and lipase.
Q: What do duct cells in the pancreas secrete?
A: Bicarbonate solution.
Q: What does the gallbladder contribute to digestion?
A: It stores and releases bile into the common bile duct.
Q: How do the pancreas and gallbladder release their secretions into the duodenum?
A: Through the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct.
Q: What is the liver’s main digestive function?
A: The liver’s main digestive function is the production of bile.
Q: What is the liver composed of?
A: The liver is composed of ‘plates’ of liver cells called hepatocytes.
Q: What is bile, and what is its main function?
A: Bile is a yellow-green, alkaline solution that acts as a fat emulsifier.
Q: What does bile contain?
A: Bile contains bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, neutral fats, phospholipids, and electrolytes.
