Week 16 / GI system 3 Flashcards
Flashcard 1
Q: What are the three main subdivisions of the small intestine?
Flashcard 2
Q: What is the primary role of the duodenum?
Flashcard 3
Q: What is the primary role of the jejunum?
Flashcard 4
Q: What is the primary role of the ileum?
A: The three main subdivisions are the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
A: The duodenum receives bile and pancreatic enzymes from the hepatopancreatic organs to aid in digestion.
A: The jejunum is primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients.
A: The ileum continues nutrient absorption and also absorbs vitamin B12 and bile salts.
Flashcard 1
Q: How long is the duodenum and what is its primary function?
Flashcard 2
Q: Which ducts deliver bile and pancreatic juice to the duodenum?
Flashcard 3
Q: What happens when chyme arrives in the duodenum?
Flashcard 4
Q: What triggers the release of CCK in the duodenum, and what does CCK do?
Flashcard 5
Q: What effect does acidic chyme have in the duodenum?
A: The duodenum is the first 10 inches of the small intestine and is the first site of intensive digestion.
A: The common bile duct and main pancreatic duct deliver bile and pancreatic juice to the duodenum.
A: The arrival of chyme stimulates the release of hepatic and pancreatic secretions.
A: Fatty chyme triggers the release of CCK, which then stimulates the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes.
A: Acidic chyme triggers the release of secretin, which causes the release of pancreatic bicarbonate to neutralize the acidity.
Here’s your flashcard based on the functional anatomy of the pancreas:
Q: What do duct cells in the pancreas secrete?
Q: What do acinar cells in the pancreas secrete?
Q: What do β-cells in the Islets of Langerhans secrete?
A: β-cells secrete insulin.
Q: What do α-cells in the Islets of Langerhans secrete?
A: Duct cells secrete aqueous bicarbonate solution.
A: Acinar cells secrete pancreatic juice, which contains proteases, amylase, and lipase.
A: β-cells secrete insulin.
A: α-cells secrete glucagon
Here’s your flashcard on the liver:
Q: What is the largest gland in the body?
Q: What are the liver cells called?
Q: What is the main digestive function of the liver?
Q: What is bile and what does it do?
Q: What does bile contain?
Q: Where is bile stored and released from?
A: The liver.
A: Hepatocytes.
A: The production of bile.
A: Bile is a fat emulsifier, a yellow-green, alkaline solution that helps digest fats.
A: Bile contains bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, neutral fats, phospholipids, and electrolytes.
A: Bile is stored and released from the gallbladder.
Here’s your flashcard on absorption in the small intestine:
Q: Which parts of the small intestine are the main sites of absorption?
Q: What products are freely absorbed in the duodenum and jejunum?
Q: How is the absorption of calcium and iron regulated?
Q: What does the ileum absorb?
A: The duodenum and jejunum.
A: All products of carbohydrate, protein, and fat digestion, as well as most ingested electrolytes, vitamins, and water.
A: The absorption of calcium and iron is adjusted to the body’s needs.
A: The ileum absorbs bile salts, vitamin B12, electrolytes, and water.
Here’s your flashcard on the digestion and absorption of dietary fat:
Q: How is dietary fat emulsified for digestion?
Q: What does lipase do to triglycerides?
Q: How are the monoglycerides and free fatty acids transported to the epithelial cells?
Q: How do monoglycerides and fatty acids enter the epithelial cells?
Q: What happens to monoglycerides and free fatty acids inside the epithelial cells?
Q: How are triglycerides transported inside the epithelial cells?
Q: How are chylomicrons transported out of the epithelial cells?
Q: Why can’t chylomicrons enter capillaries?
Q: Where do chylomicrons go after exocytosis?
A: Dietary fat in the form of large fat globules is emulsified by bile salts into smaller fat droplets, increasing the surface area for pancreatic lipase.
A: Lipase hydrolyzes triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.
A: They are carried in water-soluble micelles formed by bile salts and other bile constituents.
A: They leave the micelle and passively diffuse through the lipid bilayer of the luminal membranes.
A: They are resynthesized into triglycerides.
A: The triglycerides aggregate and are coated with lipoproteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to form chylomicrons.
A: Chylomicrons are extruded through the basal membrane by exocytosis.
A: Chylomicrons are too large to cross the basement membrane of capillaries.
A: Chylomicrons enter the lymphatic vessels, specifically the central lacteals.
Q: What are the main parts of the large intestine?
Q: What is the primary function of the large intestine?
Q: What are the minor absorptive functions of the large intestine?
Q: What types of bacteria are found in the large intestine and what do they do?
A: The large intestine consists of the colon, caecum, appendix, and rectum.
A: The primary function of the large intestine is drying and storage.
A: The large intestine absorbs water, electrolytes, several vitamin B complexes, vitamin K, and folic acid.
A: The large intestine contains beneficial bacteria (~500-1000 species) that produce vitamin K and folic acid, and ferment indigestible molecules to produce short-chain fatty acids.
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