Week 10 / Cellular respiration 2 Flashcards
Whats the main fuels for the brain?
How many H+ can NAD carry?
How many H+ can FAD carry?
whats the best source for NAD AND FAD?
Whats the role of ADP, ATP …?
Whats the role of phosphate?
In the preparation stage of glycolysis is atp used or provided?
what main substances , do we want to make from glycolysis?
Glucose
1, reduced to NADH
2, reduced to FADH2
vitamins
provide energy energy and phosphate to molecules
phosphate is a great activator for hormones and molecules
used
ATP NADH Pyruvate
For glycolysis to continue what should happen to NADH
NADH must be recycled back to NAD+
When does aerobic respiration occur?
what are the products of it?
when oxygen is available as the final electron
acceptor
acetyl CoA
When does anaerobic respiration [or fermentaion] occur?
what are the products of it?
when oxygen is not available; an organic molecule is the final electron acceptor
anaerobic respiration: Lactate
Fermentation : Acetaldehyde to ethanol
What something that can increase glycolysis?
Whats a negative feedback ?
Exercise
when the body makes too much of something so the negative feedback kicks in and the something is not produced
[when resting lactate is not produced, negative feedback is kicked in]
when oxygen isn’t available:
what is pyruvate reduced into , which enzyme reduces the pyruvate ?
What is oxidised?
Whats happens to the result of the reduction of pyruvate?
lactate, Lactate Dehydrogenase
NADH TO NAD+
Lactic acid is converted back into glucose in the liver via the Krebs Cycle
Results of high and really high lactate levels
muscle cramps and pain , life threatening – diseases
What happens when The Body Lacks Fuel It Can Make Its Own Glucose Supply?
Whats the process of it called?
The liver converts pyruvate back in glucose
Gluconeogenesis
What happens during the lactic acid cycle?
What does this process require?
What happens to the product of the LAC
Lactate produced during anaerobic glycolysis is transported to the liver and converted to glucose
ATP
The glucose is then supplied back to the muscle If not required store as glycogen
Small recap on glycolysis , state the two stages?
stage 1: this stage need energy to proceed, needs ATP
stage 2: pyruvate ATP NADH are made
What happens to pyruvate in the presence of oxygen?
Which enzymes are used?
pyruvate is oxidised to acetyl CoA in the mitochondria
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH)
Glycolysis produces Pyruvate
Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl CoA:
Which process does Acetyl CoA progress to?
Whats happening so this stage keeps on happening ?
Krebs cycle
Glucose will continuously be converted to
pyruvate via glycolysis to feed this stage
What molecules is used during the krebs cycle?
High-energy Electrons : NADH and FADH2
what are the products of:
glycolysis ,
pyruvate oxidation
and krebs cycle?
and where do they occur?
Glycolysis:
Cytoplasm / 2 ATP 2 NADH
Pyruvate oxidation:
Mitochondrial intermembrane space 2 NADH
Acetyl CoA
Krebs cycle Mitochondrial matrix:
2 ATP/ 2 FADH2 / 6 NADH
which process produces most of the ATP ?
electron transport chain
