Week 10 / Cellular respiration 1

Question 1

Whats is glucose ?

How is it made?

Which organ can produce glucose when it is low?

Answer 1

it is the main energy source of our body ,

by breaking down sugars

liver

Question 1

What is metabolism?

Answer 1

chemical processes that
occur to maintain living systems

Question 2

What does the brain need to stay alive?

Answer 2

glucose

Question 3

What are the other purposes of glucose in terms of storage , structure and energy?

Answer 3

Storage: Glycogen and starch

Structural: Cellulose in plants

Energy: Principle provider of cellular energy

Question 4

Whats is catabolism?
What are the products of catabolism used for?

What is anabolism?
What does anabolism require?

Answer 4

Breakdown of compounds into simpler
molecules to:
i) release energy
(ii) provide smaller building blocks

Building a more complicated molecule from
smaller units (eg, amino acid —-> proteins)
(i) requires energy

Question 5

What is cellular respiration ?
Is energy used to make ATP?

Answer 5

the breakdown of glucose in many small steps to make ATP

Breakdown a “large sugar” molecules into smaller ones

breaking bonds and moving electrons from one molecule to another

Yes

Question 6

What is
oxidation and
reduction?
What types of reactions are they?

Answer 6

Adding 0
Removing H
losing electrons
exergonic-release energy

removing 0
adding H
gain of electrons
endergonic-stores energy

Question 7

How do electrons move in cells?

Answer 7

Electrons can move as part of a hydrogen atom

Question 8

What are electrons carriers?

Why do we need them

examples of carriers?

Which elements is good at accepting electrons?

Answer 8

Certain molecules are particularly effective in accepting or donating these electrons

because hydrogens dont move in the blood

NAD and FAD

oxygen to form water as a product of respiration

Question 9

What is NAD+?

Can they move in the body?

What are they made from?

How can NAD + be reduced?

Answer 9

a coenzyme which regulates the activity of the enzyme it is bound to.

Yes

vitamin nicotinic acid/niacin

by accepting two electrons from two hydrogen atoms to be reduced to NADH

Question 10

What is FAD?

What are they made from?

How can FAD be reduced?

Answer 10

a cofactor which binds strongly to an enzyme

vitamin B2 or riboflavin

by accepting two hydrogens and two electrons to be reduced to FADH2

Question 11

What does ATP give energy to?

examples of process in the body that use ATP

Answer 11

To form chemical reactions

muscle contraction, generating nerve impulses

Question 12

What is ATP?

What is it derived from ?

What substance is produced from ATP and what is its use ?

What does the hydrolysis of ATP do?

What are the results of it ?

Answer 12

molecule that provides energy to cells

Glucose

phosphate , phosphate gets tagged onto proteins and molecules and it is a major activator

release energy

ADP , AMP

Question 13

What are the 4 stages of respiration?

Where do they occur?

Answer 13

1. Glycolysis
2. Pyruvate processing (connects glycolysis to next stage)
3. Citric Acid Cycle (aka Krebs Cycle, aka TCA cycle)
4. Electron transport chain

Glycolysis :Cytoplasm

The rest is in the :Mitochondria

Question 14

What is glycolysis?

describe the process?

Answer 14

converts glucose to pyruvate

Stage 1
– Preparation stage, this stage needs energy to proceed and requires ATP

Stage 2
– Cyclic rings are converted to smaller 3 carbon products
– Providing products for the next step of metabolism - 2 molecules of Pyruvate

– ATP is harvested back during this stage from ADP

–NADH is made

Question 15

small summary of glycolysis (optional)
how many nad+ is produced?
how many ATP is produced?
how many pyruvate is produced?
where does it occur

Answer 15

1. 10 step biochemical pathway
2. 2 NADH are produced by reduction of NAD +
3. NET production of 2 ATP molecules by substrate level phosphorylation
4. 2 molecules of pyruvate are produced
5. Occurs in the cytoplasm