Week 11 Lecture

Question 1

Sir Francis Galton

Answer 1

• Wrote book Hereditary Genius (1869)
• Intelligence runs in families, not environment
• “Nature” vs Nurture
• Looked at sensory acuity

Question 2

Alfred Binet with Theodore Simon (1905)

Answer 2

• First Intelligence test to identify mentally disabled children in France
• Did not assess Sensory Acuity
• Measured Abstract Reasoning
• Introduced concept of Mental Age
• MA based on norms
• Mental Age = Chronological Age signified regular intelligence

Question 3

Lewis Terman (1916)

Answer 3

• Created the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
• Developed Intelligence Quotient
• IQ formula is MA/CA*100
• Was for children only

Question 4

Wechsler

Answer 4

• First to focus on IQ in adults
• Breaking intelligence into smaller constructs like reasoning, verbal, mathematics
• No longer a ratio of MA/CA but normal strengths and weaknesses of the individual

Question 5

Intelligence Concepts - Reliability

Answer 5

• The ability to achieve the same score when the same people are tested and retested again
• The test is consistent across the population

Question 6

Intelligence Concepts - Validity

Answer 6

• the ability to measure what is intended to measure
• to be valid the data needs to be accurate

Question 7

Intelligence Concepts - Standardisation

Answer 7

• Establishing norms by creating equal test taking conditions
• Being Objective

Question 8

Intelligence Concepts - Cultural Bias

Answer 8

• Ensure validity of testing conditions by reducing cultural bias
• Ensuring that testing is culturally fair

Question 9

Content Validity

Answer 9

• The degree to which the content of a test is representative of the domain that it covers
• How much of the content of a test can be trusted to represent the scope of the subject it covers

Question 10

Criterion Validity

Answer 10

• If assessing the same criterion then scores across the scales should be similiar
• The same person should have similar scores on the WAIS IQ Scale and the Stanford-Binet IQ Scale

Question 11

Construct Validity

Answer 11

• A test that measures a particular hypothetical construct
  eg: measure happiness in a population we can look at measuring:
• Standard of living
• relationships
• community connections
• safety and security

Question 12

Poor Construct Validity

Answer 12

• When measureing hypothetical constructs we only measure one potential area of correlation
• Or we may not have a scale that can measure the difference

eg: Measuring Happiness only on Standard of Living does not produce a holistic construct of Happiness

Question 13

Temporal Consistency

Answer 13

A set of data items are relatively consistent if they are temporally correlated to each other.

eg: ordering from the same menu in a resteraunt on the same night each week.