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1 Pharmacology > Week 1 Terminology > Flashcards

Week 1 Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology

A

the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs.

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2
Q

Minimum Effective Concentration [MEC]

A

the minimum plasma concentration of a drug needed to produce the desired pharmacologic response

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3
Q

Bioavailability/Protein-Binding

A

refers to the extent and rate at which the active moiety (drug or metabolite) enters systemic circulation

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4
Q

First-Pass Effect

A

phenomenon in which a drug gets metabolized at a specific location in the body that results in a reduced concentration of the active drug upon reaching its site of action or the systemic circulation

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5
Q

Blood Brain Barrier [BBB]

A

highly selective semipermeable border of endothelial cells
-prevents solutes in the circulating blood from non-selectively crossing into the extracellular fluid of the central nervous system

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6
Q

Therapeutic Action

A

intended effects of the drug

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7
Q

Adverse Reaction

A

nontherapeutic + unintended effects of the drug that occur at a therapeutic dose

  • may be predictable, well known, or unpredictable
  • range fr annoying, tolerable to life threatening
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8
Q

Allergic Reaction

A

most severe type of adverse rxn

-range fr itching + rash to anaphylactic shock

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9
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

exaggerated response of body’s immune system to a drug

  • massive release of histamine+ other chem mediators into into body
  • swelling of eyes, face, mouth, throat, difficulty breathing wheezing, rapid HR, low BP, cardiac arrest
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10
Q

Contraindication

A

some drugs that should not be prescribed to patient bc they have potential to cause serious life-threatening ADR
-may be contraindicated for use w certainpopulations, in combo w other drugs, or certain foods

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11
Q

Therapeutic Classification

A

refers to clinical indication of drug or therapeutic action

ex) analgesic, antibiotic, antihypertensive

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12
Q

Pharmacologic Classification

A

refers to:
1 mechanism of action [MOA]
2 physiologic effect [PE]
3 chemical structure [CS]

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13
Q

Chemical Name

A

scientific name based on the compound’s chemical structure

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14
Q

Generic Name

A

the official name a company gives a drug they developed

  • not capitalized
    ex) Tylenol is the brand name, acetaminophen is the generic
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15
Q

Trade [Brand] Name

A

the drug’s commercial or proprietary name

  • capitalized + in parenthesis
  • may vary depending on the company producing it
    ex) Tylenol is the brand name, acetaminophen is the generic
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16
Q

Addiction

A

harmful behavior associated with substance abuse

-craving

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17
Q

Dependence

A

the body requires a specific dose of a particular drug, such as a prescription opioid1, in order to prevent withdrawal symptoms

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18
Q

7 Methods of Action of Drugs

A 
1 stimulation
2 depression
3 irritation
4 replacement
5 cytotoxic
6 antimicrobial
7 mod of immune status
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19
Q

Tachyphylaxis

A

an acute, sudden decrease in response to a drug after its administration; i.e. a rapid and short-term onset of drug tolerance

20
Q

Additive Effect

A

when the combined effect of 2 drugs you give together is THE SAME as each drug you give alone in same doses
- 1+1=2

21
Q

Synergistic Effect

A

when the effect of 1 drug is GREATER if you give it w another drug
- 1+1=3

22
Q

Photosensitivity Reaction

A

adverse skin reaction induced by sun exposure in some patients taking particular medicines

23
Q

Controlled Substance

A

medications that can cause physical and mental dependence, and have restrictions on how they can be filled and refilled
-regulated + classified by the DEA (Drug Enforcement Admin

24
Q

Scheduled Drug Classification

A

Schedule 1-5.

1: most potential for drug abuse + dependance
5: lowest potential

25
Q

Drugs to treat substance abuse disorder

A 
Naltrexone (Vivitrol).
Buprenorphine (Probuphine, Suboxone).
Disulfiram (Antabuse).
Acamprosate (Campral).
Modafinil (Provigil).
Mirtazapine (Remeron).
Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban).
Gabapentin (Neurontin).
Vigabatrin (Sabril).
Baclofen (Lioresal).
Topiramate (Topamax).
26
Q

Teratogenic drug classification

A

drugs/foods that a pregnant woman can ingest + can cross placenta into fetus

  • can cause malformation of developing fetus
  • CATEGORY D = possible risk
  • CATEGORY X = relationship w fetal malformation
27
Q

Phamacokinetics + 4 Components

A 
effects of body on drugs
1 absorption
2 distribution
3 metabolism
4 excretion
28
Q

Therapeutic Range / Index

A

concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect wo toxicity

29
Q

Plasma HALF-LIFE of drug

A

amount of time it takes for 50% of blood concentration of drug to be eliminated fr body

30
Q

Loading dose

A

an initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of a course of treatment before dropping down to a lower maintenance dose

31
Q

Maintenance dose

A

maintenance dose is the maintenance rate [mg/h] of drug administration equal to the rate of elimination at steady state

32
Q

Toxicity

A

occurs when a client receives drugs in excessive dosages resulting in negative physiologic effects
-can also happen w impaired excretion or metabolism leads to a build up

33
Q

Agonist

A

drugs that bind to receptors + precipitate a GREATER THAN TYPICAL response

34
Q

Antagonist

A

drugs that bind to receptors + either BLOCK (noncompetitive) or precipitate a LESSER THAN TYPICAL response (competitive)

35
Q

Antidote

A

a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning

36
Q

Advantages + Disadvantages of Over the Counter Drugs

A
  • enable people to relieve many annoying symptoms and to cure some diseases simply and without the cost of seeing a doctor
  • busing OTC drugs can lead to health problems including memory loss, kidney failure, heart problems and death
37
Q

Rights of Drug Administration

A 
1 drug
2 patient
3 dosage
4 route
5 time
6 reason
7 assessment
8 documentation
9 response
10 to education
11 to refuse
38
Q

Drug Administration Abbreviations

A 
PO-oral
Q- every
AC- before meal
PC- after meal
PRN-as requested/needed
39
Q

Medication Reconciliation

A

process of identifying the most accurate list of all medications that the patient is taking, including name, dosage, frequency, and route, by comparing the medical record to an external list of medications obtained from a patient, hospital, or other provider

40
Q

Polypharmacy (causes + interventions)

A

the simultaneous use of multiple drugs to treat a single ailment or condition

41
Q

Anticholinergic Effects

A

drugs that block the action of acetylcholine

- inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system

42
Q

Cholinergic/Muscarinic Effects

A

mimics the action of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors and causes cardiac slowing, contraction of smooth muscles (intestinal tract, bronchioles, detrusor muscle, urethra, and iris muscle), and increase secretion from exocrine glandular tissues

43
Q

Nursing responsibilities w med admin

A
  • 11 rights
  • advocate
  • assess
  • document
44
Q

Onset of Action of Drug

A

time it takes for a drug to demonstrate a therapeutic response

45
Q

Peak of Medication Action

A

the point in time that the drug is at its highest level in the body

46
Q

Herbal Medication + uses

A

+++use list in Linda McCuistion pg 38-40 + ATI book

1 Pharmacology (33 decks)

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