Diabetes Flashcards
3 Types of drugs to manage DM
1 oral hypoglycemic
2 injectable hypoglycemic
3 hyperglycemic
oral hypoglycemic are used to treat DM _
DM 2
injectable hypoglycemics are used to treat DM _
DM 1
hyperglycemic are used to treat ___
hypoglycemia caused by excessive doses of oral/injectable hypoglycemics
6 types of Oral Hypoglycemics
1 sulfonylureas 2 meglitinides 3 biguanides 4 thiazolidinediones 5 alpha-glucosidase inhibitors 6 gliptins
sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 [SLGT-2]
- oral antidiabetic (DM2)
- decr reabsorption of glucose> incr excretion of glucose in urine
sulfonylureas types
- glipizide, Glucotrol
- tolbutamide, Orinase
sulfonylureas
stim release of insulin fr islet cells
- must have functioning pancreas (therefore doesnt work w DM 1)
- lowers blood glucose whether high or low
meglitinides (glinides)
stim release of insulin fr islet cells
- must have functioning pancreas (therefore doesnt work w DM 1)
- lowers blood glucose whether high or low
clients who do not respond well to sulfonylureas will not respond to ___
meglitinides (glinides)
meglitinides (glinides) types
- repaglinide, Prandin
- nateglinide, Starlix
biguanides
lowers blood glucose 3 ways:
1 decr absorption of gluc in intestines
2 decr synth of gluc by liver
3 incr sensitivity of insulin receptors
-often combined q sulfonylureas or meglitinides
biguanides drug
-metformin, Glucophage
first drug doctors prescribe to patients newly diagnosed w DM2
biguanides
—metformin, Glucophage
biguanides adverse drug rxn
- decr B12 + folic acid absorption
- lactic acidosis
- n/v, unpleasant metallic taste
