Antibiotics

Question 1

antimicrobial

Answer 1

works against bacteria, fungal, + parasites

Question 2

antibiotics

Answer 2

works against bacteria only

• NOT virus (cold, flu, covid)
• can be either broad-spectrum or narrow-spectrum

Question 3

cidal vs static

Answer 3

cidal attacks attacks cell wall

static attacks proteins DNA synthesis

Question 4

obstacles of abx

Answer 4

• BBB
• purulent abscess
• decreased blood flow
• —–mechanical non living or PAD/PVD
• inside heart
• —–especially in/under thrombus formation or endocarditis
• concomitant conditions

Question 5

abx that are prone to resistance

Answer 5

MRSA- vancomycin
sulfa drugs
bactrim

Question 6

supra/superinfection

Answer 6

• abx kills normal flora which causes opportunistic microbes to take over
• —C-diff
• —thrush
• —black hairy tongue

Question 7

antibiotic resistance

Answer 7

• prevent by making sure level is above MEC
• finish the abx as instructed

Question 8

allergic reaction

Answer 8

-tachypnea, drop in BP, acute dizziness
stop medication

Question 9

toxic reaction

Answer 9

• SJS
• acute tubular necrosis (kidney failure)
• immediate 1st dose interstitial nephritis
• hemolysis

***monitor BUN/creatinine, + peak test

Question 10

bactericidal abx categories

Answer 10

1 PCN
2 cephalosporin
3 monobactams
4 carbapenems
5 glycopeptides

Question 11

PCN
abx names

Answer 11

penicillin G
piperacillin-tazobactam
amoxicillin clauvinate
ampicillin

Question 12

PCN
A/E

Answer 12

• pseudocollitis
• bloody stools

Question 13

PCN - G
route/teaching

Answer 13

white + milky

-give IM or in IV bottle

Question 14

Cephalosporin
abx names

Answer 14

ceftriaxone
cefazolin
cefuroxime

Question 15

ceftriaxone, cefazolin, cefuroxime
AE

Answer 15

• ETOH cause disulfram-like rxn
• superinfection: black furry tongue

Question 16

ceftriaxone, cefazolin, cefuroxime
RN

Answer 16

• ancef is used as prophylactic
• can cross BBB
• don’t give if allergice to PCN

Question 17

carbapenems
abx names

Answer 17

imipenem
meropenem

Question 18

imipenem, meropenem [carbapenem]
AE

Answer 18

• SJS rash
• suprainfection> black tongue

Question 19

imipenem, meropenem [carbapenem]
RN

Answer 19

• cilastatin added to increase half-life
• don’t give if allergic to PCN

Question 20

glycopeptide
abx name

Answer 20

vancomyacin

Question 21

vancomyacin [glycopeptide]
Tx

Answer 21

• MRSA
• C.Diff
• alternative for PCN allergy

Question 22

vancomyacin [glycopeptide]
AE

Answer 22

***nephrotoxic
—–peak/trough test
red man syndrome
ototoxic
tachycardia
low BP

Question 23

vancomyacin [glycopeptide]
CI

Answer 23

• allergies to corn
• ASA> ototoxicity
• furosemide/lasix> ringing in ears

Question 24

if pt is allergic to PCN, we should NOT give….

Answer 24

cephalosporin + carbapenems
**chemically similar to PCN
**high chance of cross sensitivity

Question 25

vancomyacin [glycopeptide] RN teaching

Answer 25

infuse slowly!! to avoid red man syndrome + ototoxicity + low BP -no faster than over 60 min

Question 26

bacteriostatic abx categories

Answer 26

1 tetracycline 2 macrolide 3 aminoglycosides

Question 27

tetracyclin abx names

Answer 27

tetracycline demeclocycline doxycycline minocycline

Question 28

tetracycline, demeclo, doxy, mino AE

Answer 28

- liver toxic/hepatotoxic - teeth stain + in utero as well - ---dont give to kids under 8yr old - photosensitivity

Question 29

tetracycline, demeclo, doxy, mino RN

Answer 29

- no Calcium or milk w/in 2 hrs of admin - -----interferes w absorption - don't take before lying down or HS(bedtime) - -----reflux can cause ulceration - take on empty stomach - don't go out in sun - wear sun protection

Question 30

tetracycline, demeclo, doxy, mino

Question 31

aminoglycosides abx names

Answer 31

- gentamicin - tobramycin - streptomycin - neomycin

Question 32

genta,tobra, strepto, neo [-mycin][aminoglycosides] AE

Answer 32

\*notorious for causing AKI \*\*nephrotoxic -ototoxic -dysrythmia -QT prolongation

Question 33

genta,tobra, strepto, neo [-mycin][aminoglycosides] RN teaching

Answer 33

- check BUN/creatinine levels before admine - check peak-trough levels

Question 34

genta,tobra, strepto, neo [-mycin][aminoglycosides] therapeutic range

Answer 34

5-10 mcg/mL

Question 35

abx that decrease DNA division

Answer 35

fluoroquinolones

Question 36

abx that interrupt folic acid synthesis

Answer 36

sulfonamides

Question 37

UTI drugs

Answer 37

suldonamides

Question 38

urinary tract antiseptics

Answer 38

nitrofurantoin - macrobid

Question 39

adjuvant analgesics for UTI

Answer 39

phenazopyridine (pyridium)

Question 40

fluoroquinolones abx names

Answer 40

ciprofloxacin levofloxacin ofloxacin

Question 41

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin [flurqnlns] AE

Answer 41

- achilles tendon rupture - hallucination - photosensitivity

Question 42

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin [flurqnlns] RN teaching

Answer 42

difficulty/pain when walking\> achilles tendon tupture

Question 43

sulfonamides abx names

Answer 43

trimethoprim/sulfomethoxazole [TMP-SMZ], sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, sulfasalazine

Question 44

sulfonamides AE

Answer 44

- category X - SJS - pshotosensitivity - sulfa allergy

Question 45

nitrofurantoin [macrobid] AE

Answer 45

- BROWN URINE (expected) - liver damage - tooth stain - pancytopenia - neuropathy - pulmo fibrosis

Question 46

nitrofurantoin [macrobid] PT

Answer 46

report cough\> pulm fibrosis

Question 47

phenazopyridine (pyridium) Tx

Answer 47

not an abx -given to get rid of burning/pain from UTI

Question 48

phenazopyridine (pyridium) AE

Answer 48

turns urine orange

Question 49

TB meds

Answer 49

isoniazid + rifampin

Question 50

TB Test

Answer 50

Mantoux Test

Question 51

Induration

Answer 51

positive area - raised + hardened area - NOT redness - must be read \>48-72hrs

Question 52

isoniazid [INH] AE

Answer 52

- hepatotoxic - periph neuropathy

Question 53

isoniazid [INH] RN teach

Answer 53

- request B6 pyridoxine - no ETOH - may be given prophylactically if client was exposed to person w TB

Question 54

rifampin AE

Answer 54

hepatotoxic

Question 55

rifampin RN

Answer 55

- urine + body fluids turn RED - remove contacts - use condoms - see eye doctor