Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1 Pharmacology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

antimicrobial

A

works against bacteria, fungal, + parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

antibiotics

A

works against bacteria only

  • NOT virus (cold, flu, covid)
  • can be either broad-spectrum or narrow-spectrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cidal vs static

A

cidal attacks attacks cell wall

static attacks proteins DNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

obstacles of abx

A
  • BBB
  • purulent abscess
  • decreased blood flow
  • —–mechanical non living or PAD/PVD
  • inside heart
  • —–especially in/under thrombus formation or endocarditis
  • concomitant conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

abx that are prone to resistance

A

MRSA- vancomycin
sulfa drugs
bactrim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

supra/superinfection

A
  • abx kills normal flora which causes opportunistic microbes to take over
  • —C-diff
  • —thrush
  • —black hairy tongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

antibiotic resistance

A
  • prevent by making sure level is above MEC
  • finish the abx as instructed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

allergic reaction

A

-tachypnea, drop in BP, acute dizziness
stop medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

toxic reaction

A
  • SJS
  • acute tubular necrosis (kidney failure)
  • immediate 1st dose interstitial nephritis
  • hemolysis

***monitor BUN/creatinine, + peak test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

bactericidal abx categories

A

1 PCN
2 cephalosporin
3 monobactams
4 carbapenems
5 glycopeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PCN
abx names

A

penicillin G
piperacillin-tazobactam
amoxicillin clauvinate
ampicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PCN
A/E

A
  • pseudocollitis
  • bloody stools
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PCN - G
route/teaching

A

white + milky

-give IM or in IV bottle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cephalosporin
abx names

A

ceftriaxone
cefazolin
cefuroxime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ceftriaxone, cefazolin, cefuroxime
AE

A
  • ETOH cause disulfram-like rxn
  • superinfection: black furry tongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ceftriaxone, cefazolin, cefuroxime
RN

A
  • ancef is used as prophylactic
  • can cross BBB
  • don’t give if allergice to PCN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

carbapenems
abx names

A

imipenem
meropenem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

imipenem, meropenem [carbapenem]
AE

A
  • SJS rash
  • suprainfection> black tongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

imipenem, meropenem [carbapenem]
RN

A
  • cilastatin added to increase half-life
  • don’t give if allergic to PCN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

glycopeptide
abx name

A

vancomyacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

vancomyacin [glycopeptide]
Tx

A
  • MRSA
  • C.Diff
  • alternative for PCN allergy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

vancomyacin [glycopeptide]
AE

A

***nephrotoxic
—–peak/trough test
red man syndrome
ototoxic
tachycardia
low BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

vancomyacin [glycopeptide]
CI

A
  • allergies to corn
  • ASA> ototoxicity
  • furosemide/lasix> ringing in ears
24
Q

if pt is allergic to PCN, we should NOT give….

A

cephalosporin + carbapenems
**chemically similar to PCN
**high chance of cross sensitivity

25
Q

vancomyacin [glycopeptide]
RN teaching

A

infuse slowly!! to avoid red man syndrome + ototoxicity + low BP
-no faster than over 60 min

26
Q

bacteriostatic abx categories

A

1 tetracycline
2 macrolide
3 aminoglycosides

27
Q

tetracyclin
abx names

A

tetracycline
demeclocycline
doxycycline
minocycline

28
Q

tetracycline, demeclo, doxy, mino
AE

A
  • liver toxic/hepatotoxic
  • teeth stain + in utero as well
  • —dont give to kids under 8yr old
  • photosensitivity
29
Q

tetracycline, demeclo, doxy, mino
RN

A
  • no Calcium or milk w/in 2 hrs of admin
  • —–interferes w absorption
  • don’t take before lying down or HS(bedtime)
  • —–reflux can cause ulceration
  • take on empty stomach
  • don’t go out in sun - wear sun protection
30
Q

tetracycline, demeclo, doxy, mino

A
31
Q

aminoglycosides
abx names

A
  • gentamicin
  • tobramycin
  • streptomycin
  • neomycin
32
Q

genta,tobra, strepto, neo [-mycin][aminoglycosides]
AE

A

*notorious for causing AKI
**nephrotoxic
-ototoxic
-dysrythmia
-QT prolongation

33
Q

genta,tobra, strepto, neo [-mycin][aminoglycosides]
RN teaching

A
  • check BUN/creatinine levels before admine
  • check peak-trough levels
34
Q

genta,tobra, strepto, neo [-mycin][aminoglycosides]
therapeutic range

A

5-10 mcg/mL

35
Q

abx that decrease DNA division

A

fluoroquinolones

36
Q

abx that interrupt folic acid synthesis

A

sulfonamides

37
Q

UTI drugs

A

suldonamides

38
Q

urinary tract antiseptics

A

nitrofurantoin - macrobid

39
Q

adjuvant analgesics for UTI

A

phenazopyridine (pyridium)

40
Q

fluoroquinolones
abx names

A

ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
ofloxacin

41
Q

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin [flurqnlns]
AE

A
  • achilles tendon rupture
  • hallucination
  • photosensitivity
42
Q

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin [flurqnlns]
RN teaching

A

difficulty/pain when walking> achilles tendon tupture

43
Q

sulfonamides
abx names

A

trimethoprim/sulfomethoxazole [TMP-SMZ], sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, sulfasalazine

44
Q

sulfonamides
AE

A
  • category X
  • SJS
  • pshotosensitivity
  • sulfa allergy
45
Q

nitrofurantoin [macrobid]
AE

A
  • BROWN URINE (expected)
  • liver damage
  • tooth stain
  • pancytopenia
  • neuropathy
  • pulmo fibrosis
46
Q

nitrofurantoin [macrobid]
PT

A

report cough> pulm fibrosis

47
Q

phenazopyridine (pyridium)
Tx

A

not an abx
-given to get rid of burning/pain from UTI

48
Q

phenazopyridine (pyridium)
AE

A

turns urine orange

49
Q

TB meds

A

isoniazid + rifampin

50
Q

TB Test

A

Mantoux Test

51
Q

Induration

A

positive area

  • raised + hardened area
  • NOT redness
  • must be read >48-72hrs
52
Q

isoniazid [INH]

AE

A
  • hepatotoxic
  • periph neuropathy
53
Q

isoniazid [INH]

RN teach

A
  • request B6 pyridoxine
  • no ETOH
  • may be given prophylactically if client was exposed to person w TB
54
Q

rifampin

AE

A

hepatotoxic

55
Q

rifampin

RN

A
  • urine + body fluids turn RED
  • remove contacts
  • use condoms
  • see eye doctor

1 Pharmacology (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions