Antibiotics Flashcards
antimicrobial
works against bacteria, fungal, + parasites
antibiotics
works against bacteria only
- NOT virus (cold, flu, covid)
- can be either broad-spectrum or narrow-spectrum
cidal vs static
cidal attacks attacks cell wall
static attacks proteins DNA synthesis
obstacles of abx
- BBB
- purulent abscess
- decreased blood flow
- —–mechanical non living or PAD/PVD
- inside heart
- —–especially in/under thrombus formation or endocarditis
- concomitant conditions
abx that are prone to resistance
MRSA- vancomycin
sulfa drugs
bactrim
supra/superinfection
- abx kills normal flora which causes opportunistic microbes to take over
- —C-diff
- —thrush
- —black hairy tongue
antibiotic resistance
- prevent by making sure level is above MEC
- finish the abx as instructed
allergic reaction
-tachypnea, drop in BP, acute dizziness
stop medication
toxic reaction
- SJS
- acute tubular necrosis (kidney failure)
- immediate 1st dose interstitial nephritis
- hemolysis
***monitor BUN/creatinine, + peak test
bactericidal abx categories
1 PCN
2 cephalosporin
3 monobactams
4 carbapenems
5 glycopeptides
PCN
abx names
penicillin G
piperacillin-tazobactam
amoxicillin clauvinate
ampicillin
PCN
A/E
- pseudocollitis
- bloody stools
PCN - G
route/teaching
white + milky
-give IM or in IV bottle
Cephalosporin
abx names
ceftriaxone
cefazolin
cefuroxime
ceftriaxone, cefazolin, cefuroxime
AE
- ETOH cause disulfram-like rxn
- superinfection: black furry tongue
ceftriaxone, cefazolin, cefuroxime
RN
- ancef is used as prophylactic
- can cross BBB
- don’t give if allergice to PCN
carbapenems
abx names
imipenem
meropenem
imipenem, meropenem [carbapenem]
AE
- SJS rash
- suprainfection> black tongue
imipenem, meropenem [carbapenem]
RN
- cilastatin added to increase half-life
- don’t give if allergic to PCN
glycopeptide
abx name
vancomyacin
vancomyacin [glycopeptide]
Tx
- MRSA
- C.Diff
- alternative for PCN allergy
vancomyacin [glycopeptide]
AE
***nephrotoxic
—–peak/trough test
red man syndrome
ototoxic
tachycardia
low BP
vancomyacin [glycopeptide]
CI
- allergies to corn
- ASA> ototoxicity
- furosemide/lasix> ringing in ears
if pt is allergic to PCN, we should NOT give….
cephalosporin + carbapenems
**chemically similar to PCN
**high chance of cross sensitivity
vancomyacin [glycopeptide]
RN teaching
infuse slowly!! to avoid red man syndrome + ototoxicity + low BP
-no faster than over 60 min
bacteriostatic abx categories
1 tetracycline
2 macrolide
3 aminoglycosides
tetracyclin
abx names
tetracycline
demeclocycline
doxycycline
minocycline
tetracycline, demeclo, doxy, mino
AE
- liver toxic/hepatotoxic
- teeth stain + in utero as well
- —dont give to kids under 8yr old
- photosensitivity
tetracycline, demeclo, doxy, mino
RN
- no Calcium or milk w/in 2 hrs of admin
- —–interferes w absorption
- don’t take before lying down or HS(bedtime)
- —–reflux can cause ulceration
- take on empty stomach
- don’t go out in sun - wear sun protection
tetracycline, demeclo, doxy, mino
aminoglycosides
abx names
- gentamicin
- tobramycin
- streptomycin
- neomycin
genta,tobra, strepto, neo [-mycin][aminoglycosides]
AE
*notorious for causing AKI
**nephrotoxic
-ototoxic
-dysrythmia
-QT prolongation
genta,tobra, strepto, neo [-mycin][aminoglycosides]
RN teaching
- check BUN/creatinine levels before admine
- check peak-trough levels
genta,tobra, strepto, neo [-mycin][aminoglycosides]
therapeutic range
5-10 mcg/mL
abx that decrease DNA division
fluoroquinolones
abx that interrupt folic acid synthesis
sulfonamides
UTI drugs
suldonamides
urinary tract antiseptics
nitrofurantoin - macrobid
adjuvant analgesics for UTI
phenazopyridine (pyridium)
fluoroquinolones
abx names
ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
ofloxacin
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin [flurqnlns]
AE
- achilles tendon rupture
- hallucination
- photosensitivity
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin [flurqnlns]
RN teaching
difficulty/pain when walking> achilles tendon tupture
sulfonamides
abx names
trimethoprim/sulfomethoxazole [TMP-SMZ], sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, sulfasalazine
sulfonamides
AE
- category X
- SJS
- pshotosensitivity
- sulfa allergy
nitrofurantoin [macrobid]
AE
- BROWN URINE (expected)
- liver damage
- tooth stain
- pancytopenia
- neuropathy
- pulmo fibrosis
nitrofurantoin [macrobid]
PT
report cough> pulm fibrosis
phenazopyridine (pyridium)
Tx
not an abx
-given to get rid of burning/pain from UTI
phenazopyridine (pyridium)
AE
turns urine orange
TB meds
isoniazid + rifampin
TB Test
Mantoux Test
Induration
positive area
- raised + hardened area
- NOT redness
- must be read >48-72hrs
isoniazid [INH]
AE
- hepatotoxic
- periph neuropathy
isoniazid [INH]
RN teach
- request B6 pyridoxine
- no ETOH
- may be given prophylactically if client was exposed to person w TB
rifampin
AE
hepatotoxic
rifampin
RN
- urine + body fluids turn RED
- remove contacts
- use condoms
- see eye doctor
