Antifungals + Antivirals + immunization Flashcards
types of antifungals
- amphoteracin B
- azoles
- nystatin
amphoteracin B
Tx/route
- severe systemic fungal infections
- IV only!!
azoles
drug names
- ketoconazole
- fluconazole
- miconazole
- clotrimazole
- itraconazole
ketocon, flucon, micon, clotrim, itracon [-azole]
AE
- liver toxicity
- possible incr blood glucose
- drowsy
- decr sex drive
ketocon, flucon, micon, clotrim, itracon [-azole]
RN teaching
- take w food or cola
- avoid ETOH
- blood test required
nystatin
MOA
antifungal w antibiotic properties
- swish n spit/swallow
- powder into skin folds
antiviral
drug names
- acyclovir
- ganciclovir
- oseltamavir
- ribavirin
- valacyclovir
acyclovir, ganciclovir, oseltamivir, ribavirin, valacyclovir
AE
- extravasation risk
- burning
- itching
- headache
- vertigo
- nephrotoxic
acyclovir, ganciclovir, oseltamivir, ribavirin, valacyclovir
RN teaching
- incr fluid intake during + up to 2 hr after IV
- extravasation risk
- give w meals
acyclovir, ganciclovir, oseltamivir, ribavirin, valacyclovir
Tx
- shingles
- chickenpox
- herpes
- RSV
- zoster
herpes can cause…
aseptive meningitis
acyclovir
Tx
reduces number of outbreaks + shortens healing time for herpes
oseltamavir phosphate
Tx
- shortens duration of flu symptoms (stuffy nose, cough)
- may reduce chance of getting flue
oseltamivir phosphate
timing
- w/in 48hr of onset of flu s/s
- 6 wks following exposure
oseltamivir phosphate + flu shots
still needs annual flu shots but not w/in couple of weeks
types of immunizations
- active immunity
- passive immunity
- vaccines
active immunity
- antigen enters body (get sick or virus), body develops antibodies
- long-lasting
- develops over weeks to months
- natural vs artificial
passive immunity
antibodies creased by another human or animal, then inserted into patient’s body
- provides TEMPORARY immunity
- eg) plasma transfusion in covid cases
- natural vs artificial
vaccines
can be made from dead virus cells or live attenuated virus cells
live virus vaccines
Tx
- intranasal flu
- MMR
- varicella
- varicella-zoster
- rotavirus
- yellow fever
intranasal flu vaccine
CI/AE
CI: pregnant, antivirals
AE: cough, fever, headache, myalgia
MMR
CI
allergy to gelatin or neomycin
live virus vaccines
similar to natural infections
- helps create strong + long-lasting immune response
- 1-2 doses of most live vaccines can give lifetime of protections against germ and the disease it cause
live vaccines
limitations
ppl w weakened immune systems, long term health problems, or who’ve had an organ transplant should contact their health care provider
eg) pregnant, HIV/AIDS, CA,
-needs to be kept cool so dont travel well
antihelminthic/antiparasitic
kills amoebas, helminths, protozoas
antihelminthic/antiparasitic
drug name
metronidazole (Flagyl)
metronidazole (Flagyl) [anti helminthic/parasitic]
AE
- dark urine
- metallic taste
- disulfiram-like rxn
- abd pain
- headache
- seizure
metronidazole (Flagyl) [anti helminthic/parasitic]
RN teaching
- avoid ETOH for 1-2 days after you stop taking meds
- dark urine is not harmful
- metallic taste
antimalarial drugs
hydrochloroquine, chloroquine
hydrochloroquine, chloroquine [anti malarial]
AE
- blindness
- visual changes
- photophobia (wear sunnies)
