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1 Pharmacology > Upper Respiratory > Flashcards

Upper Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Upper Resp Drug Classes

A 
Made in Georgia!
Mucolytics
Antitussives
Decongestants
Expectorants

Glucocorticoids (Nasal)
Anti-Histamines H1

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2
Q

Mucolytics

drug names

A 
1 acetylcysteine (Liq/Neb)
2 hypertonic saline
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3
Q

acetylcysteine, hypertonic saline [mucolytics]

MOA

A

thin + enhance the flow of secretions in the respiratory passages

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4
Q

acetylcysteine, hypertonic saline [mucolytics]

Tx

A
  • acute/chronic pulmo disorders
  • cystic fibrosis
  • COPD
  • prevent x-ray dye nephropathy
  • schizophrenia
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5
Q

acetylcysteine, hypertonic saline [mucolytics]

A/E

A
  • aspiration
  • bronchospasm from PO
  • dizzy
  • drowsy
  • hypotension
  • tachycardia
  • NV
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6
Q

acetylcysteine, hypertonic saline [mucolytics]

CI

A
  • GI bleed

- caution w asthma

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7
Q

acetylcysteine, hypertonic saline [mucolytics]

RN/teaching

A
  • suction setup for inhalation (Neb)
  • admin PO or IV for APAP toxicity
  • acetylcysteine smells bad
  • have suction available (emesis/aspiratn)
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8
Q

acetylcysteine smells like rotten eggs, so what type of drug would you admin prior?
what would you have nearby?

A

,

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9
Q

2 categories of Antitussive

A

Opioid
–codeine, hydrocodone
Nonopioid
–dextromethorphan [DM], benzonatate

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10
Q

Antitussive-Opioid

drug names

A

codeine, hydrocodone

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11
Q

codeine, hydrocodone [anti-tuss-opd]

MOA

A
  • brain opioid receptors (cough reflex)

- incr cough threshold

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12
Q

codeine, hydrocodone [anti-tuss-opd]

Tx

A

chronic non-productive (dry) cough

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13
Q

codeine, hydrocodone [anti-tuss-opd]

A/E

A
  • CNS effects (dizzy, drowsy, RR depress)
  • NV
  • constipation
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14
Q

codeine, hydrocodone [anti-tuss-opd]

CI

A
  • avoid ETOH
  • avoid CNS depress
  • no codeine for kids
  • breastfeeding
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15
Q

codeine, hydrocodone [anti-tuss-opd]

RN/teaching

A

-avoid activities that require alertness

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16
Q

codeine for children

A

black box warning

-no codeine for kids

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17
Q

antitussive - non opioid

drug names

A

dextromethorphan [DM]

benzonatate

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18
Q

dextromethorphan, benzonatate [anti-tuss]

MOA

A

chemical mimic of opioids but isnt one

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19
Q

dextromethorphan, benzonatate [anti-tuss]

Tx

A

cough

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20
Q

dextromethorphan, benzonatate [anti-tuss]

A/E

A

mild nausea

sleepiness

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21
Q

dextromethorphan, benzonatate [anti-tuss]

CI

A

preg risk

cat C

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22
Q

dextromethorphan, benzonatate [anti-tuss]

RN/teaching

A
  • potential for abuse
  • –can still cause euphoria in high doses
  • no prescription is needed
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23
Q

Decongestants

drug name

A

ephedrine
phenylephrine
pseudoephedrine
oxymetazoline

24
Q

Decongestants [eph’s + o]

MOA

A
  • sympathomimetic

- case vasoconstriction> subsequent reduction in inflammation in nasal membranes

25
Decongestants [eph's + o] | Tx
rhinitis | sinustitis
26
Decongestants [eph's + o] | A/E
- rebound congestion - CNS stim (systmc): agitation, nervousness, uneasiness - vasoconstriction
27
Decongestants [eph's + o] | CI
- closed angle glaucoma - HTN - CVA - CAD - dysrythmias
28
Decongestants [eph's + o] | RN/teaching
- check BP first - short term: no more than 3-5 days - taper; using one nostril at a time - report CNS symptm - instill drops in lateral head low position to prevent swallowing
29
pseudoephedrine + ephedrine can produce ____ like effects
amphetamine
30
expectorant | drug name
guaifenesin
31
guaifenesin [expctrnt] | MOA
expectorant w mucolytic properties
32
guaifenesin [expctrnt] | Tx
promotes incr cough production to spit out secretion
33
guaifenesin [expctrnt] | A/E
- GI upset - drowsy - rash
34
guaifenesin [expctrnt] | CI
- caution in asthma> bronchospasm | - allergy to PKU
35
*guaifenesin [expctrnt] | RN/teaching
drink lots of fluids
36
Glucocorticoids [nasal} | drug names
mometasone fluticasone budesonide
37
mometasone, fluticasone, budesonide [nasal glcrtcds] | MOA
decrease inflammation
38
mometasone, fluticasone, budesonide [nasal glcrtcds] | Tx
- 1st line for nasal congestion - allergic rhinitis - sinusitis
39
mometasone, fluticasone, budesonide [nasal glcrtcds] | A/E
- sore throat - nosebleed - headache - burning in nose
40
mometasone, fluticasone, budesonide [nasal glcrtcds] | CI
preg category B + C
41
mometasone, fluticasone, budesonide [nasal glcrtcds] | RN/teaching
metered-dose spray to admin --can take 7 days to get max relief for seasonal rhinitis --use humidifier if epistaxis clear blocked nasal passages w topical decongestant prior to glucocorticoid admin
42
1st Generation H1 | drug names
diphenydramine | promethazine
43
2nd Generation H1 | drug names
loratadine cetirizine fexofenadine desloratadine
44
H1 Anti-Histamine | MOA
blocks H1 receptors | -mostly small capillaries to decr histamine
45
H1 Anti-Histamine | Tx
- itching - sneezing - seasonal allergic rxn - rhinorrhea - urticaria - motion sickness - anaphylaxis - bronchospasm - insomnia - laryngeal edema
46
1st Gen H1 has similar A/E as 2nd Gen, except it also causes...
- CNS: tachy - anti-ACH: drowsy, confusion, hallucination, constipation, drymouth - GI upset
47
H1 Anti-Histamine | A/E
- acute toxicity - excitation - incoordination - seizures in kids
48
H1 Anti-Histamine | CI
-3rd trimester -breastfeeding -promethazine if Hx of dysrhythmia -<2YO -BPH glaucoma
49
H1 Anti-Histamine | RN/teaching
give activated charcoal + cathartic + ice packs for fever
50
promethazine is a __ generation H1 anti histamine
1st
51
promethazine | A/E
resp depress NMS extravasation risk
52
promethazine | CI
- <2YO or breastfeeding - caution w <6YO - caution w CNS depress - COPD - OSA - no driving or machinery after
53
promethazine lowers the ____
seizure threshold
54
____ potentiates the action of opiods
benadryl | -watch out for drug seekers
55
____ potentiates the action of opioids
Benadryl | -watch out for drug seekers
56
preferred route for promethazine
IM | -monitor for burning or pain at IV site

1 Pharmacology (33 decks)

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