Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1 Pharmacology > Week 1 Quiz > Flashcards

Week 1 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Minimum Effective Concentration [MEC]

A

the minimum plasma concentration of a drug needed to produce the desired pharmacologic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bioavailability

A

-percent of administered drug that actually makes it to the systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

First-Pass Effect

A
  • liver metabolizes PO drug

- results in a reduced concentration of the active drug once it reaches the systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Blood Brain Barrier [BBB]

A

highly selective w distribution

-screens out a lot of chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Therapeutic Action

A

intended effects of the drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adverse Reaction

A

nontherapeutic + unintended effects of the drug that occur at a therapeutic dose

  • may be predictable, well known, or unpredictable
  • range fr annoying, tolerable to life threatening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Allergic Reaction

A

most severe type of adverse rxn

-range fr itching + rash to anaphylactic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

exaggerated response of body’s immune system to a drug

  • massive release of histamine+ other chem mediators into into body
  • swelling of eyes, face, mouth, throat, difficulty breathing wheezing, rapid HR, low BP, cardiac arrest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Contraindication

A
  • reasons why you should HOLD the drug
  • potential to cause serious life-threatening ADR
  • ALL DRUGS ARE CONTRAINDICATED IF PATIENT IS ALLERGIC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Therapeutic Classification

A

“WHY”

ex) analgesic to relieve pain, antihypertensive to lower BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pharmacologic Classification

A

“HOW”

ex) opioids, cholinergic, anticholinergic, benzodiazepine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chemical Name

A

scientific name based on the compound’s chemical structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Generic Name

A

the official name a company gives a drug they developed

  • not capitalized
    ex) Tylenol is the brand name, acetaminophen is the generic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Trade [Brand] Name

A

the drug’s commercial or proprietary name

  • capitalized + in parenthesis
  • may vary depending on the company producing it
    ex) Tylenol is the brand name, acetaminophen is the generic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Addiction

A

harmful behavior associated with substance abuse

-craving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dependence

A

the body requires a specific dose of a particular drug, such as a prescription opioid, in order to prevent withdrawal symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

7 Methods of Action of Drugs

A 
1 stimulation
2 depression
3 irritation
4 replacement
5 cytotoxic
6 antimicrobial
7 mod of immune status
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tachyphylaxis

A

an acute, sudden drop in response to a drug after its administration
i.e. a rapid and short-term onset of drug tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Additive Effect

A

when the combined effect of 2 drugs you give together is THE SAME as each drug you give alone in same doses
- 1+1=2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Synergistic Effect

A

when the effect of 1 drug is GREATER if you give it w another drug
- 1+1=3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Controlled Substance

A

medications that can cause physical and mental dependence, and have restrictions on how they can be filled and refilled
-regulated + classified by the DEA (Drug Enforcement Admin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Teratogenic drug classification

A

drugs/foods that a pregnant woman can ingest + can cross placenta into fetus

  • can cause malformation of developing fetus
  • CATEGORY D = possible risk
  • CATEGORY X = relationship w fetal malformation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Therapeutic Range / Index

A

concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect wo toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Plasma HALF-LIFE of drug

A

amount of time it takes for 50% of blood concentration of drug to be eliminated fr body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Loading dose

A

an initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of a course of treatment before dropping down to a lower “maintenance dose”
-shoots up the drug in blood quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Maintenance dose

A

maintenance dose is the maintenance rate [mg/h] of drug administration equal to the rate of elimination at steady state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Toxicity

A

occurs when a client receives drugs in excessive dosages resulting in negative physiologic effects
-can also happen w impaired excretion or metabolism leads to a build up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Agonist

A

drugs that bind to receptors + precipitate a GREATER THAN TYPICAL response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Antagonist

A

drugs that bind to receptors + either BLOCK (noncompetitive) or precipitate a LESSER THAN TYPICAL response (competitive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Antidote

A

a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning

  • drugs can be prescribed as a treatment for another drug’s side effect
    ex) naloxone for opioids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Advantages + Disadvantages of Over the Counter Drugs

A
  • enable people to relieve many annoying symptoms and to cure some diseases simply and without the cost of seeing a doctor
  • busing OTC drugs can lead to health problems including memory loss, kidney failure, heart problems and death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Rights of Drug Administration

A 
1 drug
2 patient
3 dosage
4 route
5 time
6 reason
7 assessment
8 documentation
9 response
10 to education
11 to refuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Drug Administration Abbreviations

A 
PO-oral
Q- every
AC- before meal
PC- after meal
PRN-as requested/needed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Medication Reconciliation

A

process of identifying the most accurate list of all medications that the patient is taking, including name, dosage, frequency, and route, by comparing the medical record to an external list of medications obtained from a patient, hospital, or other provider

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Polypharmacy (causes + interventions)

A

the simultaneous use of multiple drugs to treat a single ailment or condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Anticholinergic Effects

A

drugs that block the action of acetylcholine

  • inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system
  • cant see, cant pee, cant shit, cant spit
37
Q

Cholinergic/Muscarinic Effects

A

mimics the action of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors and causes cardiac slowing, contraction of smooth muscles (intestinal tract, bronchioles, detrusor muscle, urethra, and iris muscle)
-SLUDGE: incr secretions

38
Q

Nursing responsibilities w med admin

A
  • 11 rights
  • advocate
  • assess
  • document
39
Q

APAP

A

acetaminophen

40
Q

ASA

A

aspirin

41
Q

USP

A

United States Pharmacopeia

-defines the drug standards for dosage forms, substances, compounded preparation

42
Q

Federal Classification

A

-based on FDC Act of 1938
-2 categories:
1 prescription
2 nonprescription/OTC

43
Q

Prescription classification is further divided into 2 categories

A

1 prescription

2 controlled substances

44
Q

Controlled Substances

A
  • defined by fed law
  • classified into “schedules”
  • type of prescription drug
45
Q

Schedules of Controlled Substances

A 
Sched 1 - WORST, no accepted med use
Sched 2 - dangerous but w med use 
Sched 3
Sched 4
Sched 5 - least worst
46
Q

examples of schedule 1 drugs

A

LSD, marijuana, heroin

47
Q

examples of schedule 2 drugs

A
  • cocaine for anesthesia of nasal cavity
  • methadone for opioid
  • fentanyl
48
Q

are OTC drugs “safe”?

A
  • they can still be harmful

- MUST READ THE LABELS

49
Q

APAP + ASA and their target organs

A

APAP> liver

ASA> kidney

50
Q

off-label prescription

A
  • when a drug is legally made for one effect but the Dr prescribes the drug for other functions that is “off label”
    ex) drug for pulmo hypotension is prescribed for boner town - erectile dysfunction is the “off label” reason
51
Q

pharmacoKINETICS + their types

A

effects of body on drugs

1 absorption
2 distribution
3 metabolism
4 excretion

52
Q

when is PO contraindicated?

A
  • altered LOC
  • NPO
  • dysphagia
  • vomiting
  • STROKE (when patient has a stroke, they are instantly NPO)
53
Q

Transdermal

A
  • patch
  • maintains consistent level, does NOT fluctuate
  • drawbacks: poor skin integrity, elderly, poor circulation
54
Q

which pharmacokinetic is affected by the “first pass effect”

A

metabolism

55
Q

_____ bypasses the first pass effect

A

IV

56
Q

grapefruit juice

A

either inhibits first pass effect or increases metabolism

-do not give w drugs

57
Q

herbal products that increase bleeding

A
  • 4G
  • cinammon
  • vit E
  • fish oil
58
Q

how does protein binding affect drug activity?

A

any drug that binds w protein doesnt work anymore

-high serum albumin means is a sign that the drug might not work as well

59
Q

how does DM affect perfusion?

A

high glucose levels>
laceration of blood vessels>
atherosclerosis> narrowing of vessels>
DECREASED BLOOD FLOW

60
Q

category ABCDX

A

A - safe for babies
BCD - gray area
X - aborts or leads to fetal abnormalities

61
Q

where does excretion occur?

A

mostly KIDNEYS

-breast milk, sweat, RESPIRATION, sweating

62
Q

which antibiotics + drugs are nephrotoxic?

A

class of aminoglycosides (abx), NSAIDs, ASA

63
Q

how does kidney dysfunction affect dosage?

A

DECREASE DOSAGE

64
Q

how does liver dysfunction affect dosage?

A

DECREASE DOSAGE

65
Q

If the patient is 6’9, thicc, athletic, how does that affect dosage?

A

INCREASE DOSAGE

66
Q

how does half-life affect frequency?

A

long half-life> less frequent (daily)

short half-life> more frequent (BID, QID)

67
Q

how does elderly patients affect dosage?

A

low + slow

  • start w HALF the normal dose
  • slowly increase in dosage
68
Q

PharmacoDYNAMICS

A

effects of drugs on body

69
Q

Onset

A

how long it takes for the drug to work

70
Q

Peak

A

highest drug serum level

–we want to make sure it is UNDER the toxic level

71
Q

MEC

A

minimal effect concentration

-minimum drug serum level for the drug to work

72
Q

Duration

A

how long the effect lasts

73
Q

you want the through to be ______

A

above the MEC

74
Q

potency

A

how much of the drug we need to give

-similar to dosage

75
Q

efficacy

A

magnitude of the maximum response

76
Q

trough level test

A

to check if above MEC

  • done 30 mins before the admin of the next dose
  • always done for vancomycin
77
Q

peak level test

A

-to check if its under the toxic levels

78
Q

prophylactic

A

used for PREVENTION

ex) abx that are administered BEFORE there is an existing infection is a PROPHYLACTIC ABX

79
Q

antidotes for opioids, benzos, APAP

A

opioids- naloxone
benzo - flumazenil
APAP - acetylcysteine

80
Q

max dose of APAP

A

4g

81
Q

why can’t some drugs like insulin be taken PO?

A

because it can’t be absorbed in the GI tract

82
Q

therapeutic range/index

A

area between toxic level and MEC

83
Q

it the therapeutic range is narrow, then

A

small changes in the dosage can potentially go from being effective to fatal

84
Q

how to prevent Reye’s syndrome

A

don’t give young kids with flu-like symptoms (fever)

85
Q

are the side effects less with the transdermal route?

A

no

86
Q

why is the transdermal route contraindicated for the elderly?

A

elderly have poor circulation

87
Q

enteric means

A

large intestine

88
Q

miosis vs mydriasis

A

myosis - constriction - cholinergic

mydriasis - dilation - adrenergic

1 Pharmacology (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions