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Final Countdown > Wed > Flashcards

Wed Flashcards

1
Q

What does the coefficient of determination indicate

A

The proportion of variability shared by the two variables

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2
Q

Masters and Johnson how education about sexuality, training in communication skills, and technique known as sensate focus to be most effective in treating

A

Premature ejaculation

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3
Q

Catecholamine hypothesis attributes depression to

A

Low levels of norepinephrine

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4
Q

Construct validity

A

Degree to which the test is actually measuring the construct it is attempting to measure.

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6
Q

Prevalence rate by gender for Autism

A

4:1 or 5:1 boys to girls

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7
Q

Effect on correlations when ranges are restricted

A

They are weaker

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8
Q

VRIN and TRIN on MMPI-2

A

Measure response inconsistency or random responding

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9
Q

Most common kind of dementia for people over 65

A

Dementia of Alzheimer’s type

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10
Q

Halo effect

A

Generalizing from one characteristic of a person (i.e. she is pretty) to other aspects (i.e. she performs well at work)

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11
Q

Similarity hypothesis

A

People similar to each other (i.e. similar age, race, religion) tend to form intimate relationships

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12
Q

Length of time to administered Halstead-Reitan Neuropsych test battery

A

4 to 5 hours

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13
Q

Moratorium

A

Person is actively struggling with exploring options and making a decision, but has not yet made a commitment

Crisis and absence of commitment

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14
Q

Effects of divorce by gender

A

Women find divorce less emotionally problematic than men

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15
Q

Apraxia involves damage to what areas

A

Frontal and/or parietal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere

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16
Q

Relationship between standard error of estimate with standard deviation and criterion-related validity

A

Indirect with validity - when validity is high, there should be little error, when validity is low, there should be a lot of error

Direct with SD - Larger the SD, the larger the error and vice versa

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18
Q

Another word for stimulus generalization

A

Mediated generalization

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19
Q

Symmetrical communication

A

When there is equity between the partners

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21
Q

Herzberg’s theory

A

2 factor theory addressing worker motivation and satisfaction

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22
Q

4 stages of separation-individuation

A

1) Differentiation - 5-10 months and includes stranger anxiety
2) Practicing - 10-16 months with includes separation anxiety
3) Rapprochement - 16-24 months
4) Consolidation and object constancy - 24-36 months

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23
Q

What disorders have equally common prevalence rates by gender

A

1) Schizophrenia
2) Bipolar I
3) OCD

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24
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

When subjects behave differently due to the fact that they are participating in research

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25
Q

Iatrogenic

A

Illnesses or complications that are caused in the course of receiving medical treatment (i.e. getting TB in the hospital)

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26
Q

Rosenthal effect

A

Cues or clues that leads the subject to conform to the experimenter’s expectations

I.e. telling teachers certain students were expected to blossom academically

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27
Q

Privilege with court ordered evaluations versus court ordered therapy

A

Evaluations - client has no privilege

Therapy - Client holds privilege

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28
Q

Aspects of a multiple regression

A

Can use categories or continuous data to measure the IV

Designed for use with one DV

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29
Q

Delinquency is linked to what parental characteristics

A

1) Lax supervision
2) Non-enforcement of rules
3) Non-involvement in the child’s life

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31
Q

Sensate focusing

A

Counterconditioning method

Person learns a new response (i.e. pleasurable feelings) that is incompatible with a problematic response (i.e. performance anxiety)

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32
Q

Paradoxical intention with behaviorism

A

Based on the assumption that a person avoids a certain behavior because of the anticipatory anxiety the behavior arouses.

When a person deliberately engages in the behavior, a condition of incompatibility is set up and this condition serves to eliminate the anticipatory anxiety.

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33
Q

Prevalence rate by gender for ADHD

A

6-9:1 boys to girls

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35
Q

F -scale on the MMPI-2

A

Measures infrequently endorsed items and can be used to assess overall distress, pathology, attempts to fake bad, or random responding

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36
Q

Conjunctive tasks

A

group is affected by the least effective member

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37
Q

Ages and first 4 stages for Freud and Erikson

A

1) 0-1 - Oral and Trust vs Mistrust
2) 1-3 - Anal and Autonomy vs Shame
3) 3-6 - Phallic and Initiative vs guilt
4) 6-12 - Latency and Industry vs inferiority

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38
Q

Idiopathic

A

When something has an unknown cause

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39
Q

How odes the suprachiasmic nucleus work for sleep

A

Signals the pineal gland to produce melatonin, which causes a drop in body temperature and sleepiness

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40
Q

Barnum effect

A

When someone finds personal meaning in a statement that could apply to anyone

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41
Q

Right side hemiplegia affects

A

Effects the left side of the brain

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43
Q

Social facilitation

A

The presence of others on simple and familiar tasks tends to enhance performance

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44
Q

What is the master endocrine gland

A

Hypothalamus

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47
Q

Fundamental aspect of all defense mechanisms

A

Repression

48
Q

Bem’s self-perception theory

A

When internal cues are weak or difficult to interpret, we rely on observations of our behaviors and/or circumstances in which this behavior occurs to interpret our attitudes, emotions,and other internal states.

Base our attitudes on our behaviors

50
Q

What can cause the standard error of the mean to increase

A

When the SD of the population is increased and the sample size is decreased

51
Q

General principles versus standards

A

General principles are aspirational

Standards are enforceable

52
Q

Time frame for Tic disorders

A

More than 4 weeks but less than 1 year - Transient Tic

More than 1 year - Tourette’s or chronic motor or vocal tic

52
Q

Gender and crowds

A

Men are generally more affected by crowding than women

53
Q

Gertsmann’s syndrome

A

Due to lesions on the parietal lobe or stroke victims

Includes

1) Acalculia
2) Agraphia
3) Difficulty distinguishing right from left
4) Finger agnosia

53
Q

Radiation in children can lead to

A

Learning problems and reduction of growth

54
Q

Schachter’s two-factor theory

A

Emotions result from both internal information and external information.

You experience physiological arousal than then look to the environment to help label the emotion

57
Q

intervention with lower recidivism for spousal abuse

A

Arrest and imprisonment

58
Q

What functions as the circadian clock

A

Suprachiasmic nucleus

59
Q

Who developed the first non-pathologist go model of homosexual identity formation

A

Cass

59
Q

Whose theory focuses on positive self statements

A

Meichenbaum

60
Q

L -scale on the MMPI-2

A

Measures naive attempts to present favorably

61
Q

Lesions in the prefrontal association cortex lead to

A

Issues with cognition and planning

61
Q

Foreclosure

A

Commits to a goal without exploring alternatives

Commitment and absence of crisis

61
Q

Matching hypothesis

A

People of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to self each other

62
Q

What is associated with impaired spatial orientation

A

Lesions to the parietal lobe

62
Q

Reciprocity Hypothesis

A

People tend to like other who like them

63
Q

Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making

A

Four types of influences on making career decisions:

1) Genetic characteristics
2) Environmental conditions
3) Learning experiences
4) Performance standards and values

63
Q

Identity diffusion per Marcia

A

Adolescent lacks direction and is not seriously considering options or trying to develop goals

Absence of crisis and commitment

63
Q

Self-in-relation theory

A

Focused on women and that they develop their sense of self through relationships with others.

65
Q

Criterion related validity

A

Indicates the strength of the relationship between a predictor test and criterion outcome (i.e. how well SAT score predict college GPA)

66
Q

Cleary model

A

A test is considered unfair if the slope and/or the y-intercept of the regression line is different for one subgroup than for another

67
Q

Range of standard error of measurement

A

From 0 to the SD of the test

68
Q

Culturally encapsulated therapist

A

Someone who tends to make inappropriate generalizations about a particular group of clients based on race or culture

70
Q

Best ways to correct for an examinee trying to fake good is

A

To use an empirically derived correction

71
Q

Effect of damage to the temporal lobe on memory

A

Produces deficits in declarative memory with episodic memory being affected more than semantic memory.

72
Q

Acute versus chronic phases of hypoglycemia

A

Acute - Panic and anxiety

Chronic - Depression, psychosis, and personality changes

72
Q

Severing the corpus callosum leads to

A

Trouble verbally identifying stimuli received by sensory systems on the left side because those signals were received by the right hemisphere and not “shared with” the left hemisphere

73
Q

Identity Achievement per Marcia

A

Person has struggled and explored options and developed goals and values

Resolved crisis and made commitment

73
Q

Range of the standard error of estimate

A

0 to the SD of the criterion (SDy)

74
Q

What neurotransmitter is involved in sleep and mood

A

Serotonin

75
Q

Behavioral contract

A

When 2 behaviors are initially reinforced at equal levels and then one behavior stops being reinforced resulting in an increase in frequency for the behavior still being reinforced

76
Q

Scoring on the Halstead-Reitan

A

Adding the number of subtests on which the examinee scored below the cutoff and dividing the sum by the total number of subtests

77
Q

Short term memory is most associated with what part of the brain

A

Prefrontal cortex

78
Q

Convergent and divergent validation are examples of what kind of validity

A

Construct validity

79
Q

High failure rate in treating addictive behaviors is due to

A

They are self-reinforcing because the person does not depend on any external reinforcement

80
Q

Steps of a program evaluation

A

1) Specify program goals and objectives
2) Define relevant parameters
3) Specify techniques and procedures to achieve goals
4) Collect data

82
Q

Recency versus primacy effect and time

A

Within the first few seconds, recency effect is more powerful

For longer intervals, primacy effect is stronger

82
Q

K-scale on the MMPI-2

A

Measures guardedness and defensiveness

Also serves as a moderator variable

83
Q

Diagnoses that are highly comorbid with Enuresis

A

Encopresis
Sleepwalking Disorder
Sleep Terror Disorder

85
Q

Concordance rate for identical twins with Bipolar

A

75-80%

Among the most heavily genetically loaded disorders

86
Q

Complementary communication

A

There is inequality with one member taking a dominant role and the other a subordinate role

87
Q

AVPU scale

A

A - Alert
V - Responds to voice
P - Responds to pain
U - Unresponsive

Used after injury or as a pre-hospital info

88
Q

Brain activation during motor imagination

A

Parietal lobe

88
Q

Range of the validity coefficient

A

-1 to +1

88
Q

Brain area influenced by Parkinson’s

A

Substantia nigra

89
Q

Early signs of Huntington’s Diseas

A

Often involved changes in affect

89
Q

Range of the reliability coefficient

A

0 to 1

89
Q

Psychotherapy outcomes are most influenced by

A

Client factors

89
Q

The function of the correction for attenuation is to

A

Estimate the correlation between 2 variables if one or both could be measured without error

90
Q

What treatments are used for chronic pain

A

1) Hypnotherapy

2) CBT interventions like activity-rest scheduling

92
Q

Prevalence rate by gender for MDD

A

2:1 females to males

93
Q

Nocebo

A

Opposite of placebo

Something that should be ineffective but causes symptoms of ill health

95
Q

Response generalization

A

Individual displaying responses similar to those that have been reinforced

I.e. a dog is reinforced with attention when he rolls on his back in a cute way. The dog then displays other “cute” behavior in an attempt to get more reinforcement

98
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

Being observed is associated with a change in behavior

I.e. productivity increasing in all instances because of being observed by the researchers

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