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2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 factors that influence incremental validity

A

1) Base rate
2) Validity coefficient
3) Selection ratio

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2
Q

Holland’s 6 personality types

A

RIASEC

1) Realistic
2) Investigative
3) Artistic
4) Social
5) Enterprising
6) Conventional

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3
Q

Incremental validity

A

The increase in decision making accuracy resulting from the use of a particular predictor

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4
Q

Prefrontal cortex is associated with what type of memory

A

Short term memory

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5
Q

Personal fable

A

The belief that one is unique and invulnerable

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6
Q

When can criterion contamination occur?

A

When ratings are used as the criterion measure in a predictive equation

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7
Q

Most important factors in higher functioning groups

A

Interpersonal learning and universality

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8
Q

Concordance rate for unrelated people living in a similar environment in terms of intelligence

A

0.17

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9
Q

Effect of criterion contamination

A

Increasing the validity coefficient of a job selection test

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10
Q

When does Stranger Anxiety develop

A

8-10 months and peaks at 18 months

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11
Q

Severing the corpus callosum would impact what?

A

Sensory systems

Will have trouble verbally identifying stimuli received by sensory systems on the left side because those signals were received by the right hemisphere and not “shared” with the let hemisphere

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12
Q

Magical thinking

A

Erroneous belief that one has control over objects or events

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13
Q

Most critical component of systematic desensitization

A

Repeated exposure to the CS without presence of the US

Classical extinction

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14
Q

Who is associated with adolescent egocentrism?

A

Elkind

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15
Q

Impairment Index on the Halstead-Reitan

A

Calculated by adding the number of subtests on which the examinee scored below the cutoff and dividing the sum by the total number of subtests.

The higher the score, the greater the likelihood of brain damage

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16
Q

Autoplastic

A

Changing or adapting to the environment by altering one’s own behaviors or responses

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17
Q

Paradoxical intention with behavior therapists

A

Engaging in the behavior is incompatible with the fear of that behavior and the fear is neutralized.

It helps to eliminate the anticipatory anxiety

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18
Q

Centration

A

Limitation of preoperational thought that leads a child to focus on one aspect of a situation and neglect others, often leading to illogical conclusions.

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19
Q

Interference theory of forgetting

A

Forgetting of a given piece of information is caused by interference from other information.

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20
Q

Symptoms during acute phase of Hypoglycemia

A

Panic and anxiety

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21
Q

Lesion on the occipital lobe result in:

A

Loss of depth perception and visual agnosia

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22
Q

Introspection in Gestalt therapy

A

Represent a disturbance in the boundary between self and others.

Involves absorbing the values or behaviors of others, including the larger socially, without really understanding or assimilating those values or behaviors.

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23
Q

Prevalence rates for mental disorders in people 65 or older

A

Lower than any other age group

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24
Q

Morpheme

A

The smallest unit of language which carries meaning

I.e. reading is 2 morphemes - read and ing

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25
Q

Timothy Crow’s 2 types of Schizophrenia

A

Type I - more likely due to neurotransmitter irregularities

Type II - poorer prognosis, majority of symptoms start in adolescence, doesn’t respond to most antipsychotics, most likely due to brain structure abnormalities

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26
Q

Delinquency has been linked to what parental characteristics:

A

1) Lax supervision
2) Nonenforcement of rules
3) Noninvolvement in the child’s life

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27
Q

Neurotransmitter involved in Alzheimer’s

A

Acetylcholine

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28
Q

Order effects

A

Aka carryover effects

In repeated measures designs or in studies in which the same subjects are exposed to more than one treatment.

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29
Q

Berne’s transaction

A

The term for communication between ego states

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30
Q

Larry P. V. Riles case

A

Defined the relationship between standard intelligence assessments and placement in Mental Retardation classes

It banned the use of IQ tests in the placement of minority children in special education classes.

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31
Q

Two types of construct validity

A

Convergent and divergent validity

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32
Q

Type I error

A

Null hypothesis is wrongly rejected

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33
Q

Type II errors

A

When the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is in fact false.

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34
Q

Theme interference with mental health consultation

A

When a worker displaces past or present personal problems onto a task situation at work.

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35
Q

AVPU Scale

A

Primarily used after injury occurs or as pre-hospital information.

Rates if someone is alert, responds to voice, responds to pain or is unresponsive.

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36
Q

Superior colliculus

A

Part of the tectum and mediates vision

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37
Q

Alloplastic

A

Changing or adapting to the environment by effecting change in the environment.

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38
Q

Most common type of dementia over age 65

A

Alzheimer’s type

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39
Q

When is multiple regression not appropriate

A

When the characteristics measured by the different predictors are non compensatory

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40
Q

Disability Rating Scale

A

For gauging general level of disability from non to extreme vegetative state

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41
Q

Where is the postcentral gyrus

A

In the parietal lobe

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42
Q

Forced-choice method

A

Pairs of statements about job performance that both appear equally favorable or unfavorable, but the statements in each pair actually differentiate between good and poor performing individuals

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43
Q

Four regions of the spinal cord

A

1) Cervical
2) Thoracic
3) Lumbar
4) Sacral

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44
Q

Early signs of Huntington’s disease

A

Changes in affect

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45
Q

What does Berne call a person’s life plan

A

A script

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46
Q

What is a percentile rank

A

Compares one examinee’s scores with all other examinee’s scores

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47
Q

What is Holland’s theory of career choices a reflection of

A

Personality

48
Q

Behavioral styles based on hemisphere damage

A

Left - slow and cautious behavioral style

Right - Quick impulsive style

49
Q

Coefficient of determination

A

Calculated by squaring a correlation coefficient

Indicates the proportion of variability shared by the 2 variables or the proportion of variability in one variable that can be accounted for by variability in the other.

50
Q

Results of withdrawing drug after experiencing tardrive dyskinesia

A

May initially exacerbate symptoms but eventually results in a decrease in symptoms

51
Q

Right side hemiplegia impacts what part of the brain

A

Left side

52
Q

Twin rates for schizophrenia

A

Identical - 46%

Fraternal - 17%

53
Q

Better prognosis for schizophrenia include what factors:

A

1) Female
2) Later age of onset
3) positive symptoms

54
Q

Agnosia

A

Inability to interpret sensations and recognize things

55
Q

Lesion on the temporal lobe result in:

A

Hallucination, delusions, and mood disturbances

56
Q

Onset of vascular dementia

A

Patchy

57
Q

Three most important factors in group process

A

1) Interpersonal learning
2) Catharsis
3) Cohesiveness

58
Q

Item difficulty (p) index is what kind of scale

A

Ordinal bc it does not necessarily indicate equivalent differences in difficulty

59
Q

Who is associated with the 5 bases of social power

A

French and Raven

60
Q

Social learning theory when applied to family and marital therapy

A

Emphasis is on behavioral methodology as well as communication and problem solving.

61
Q

Gertsmann’s syndrome

A

Attributed to lesions of the parietal lobe and in some stroke victims

Symptoms include acalculia, agraphia, difficulty distinguishing right from left, and finger agnosia

62
Q

Two basic factors identified from factors analyses of leadership qualities

A

1) Task orientation (instrumentality)

2) Consideration

63
Q

Avolition

A

Lack of initiative or goals

64
Q

Illusion

A

Misperception of a real stimulus

65
Q

4 types of influences on Krumboltz’s social learning theory of career decision making

A

1) Genetic characteristics and special abilities
2) Environmental conditions and events
3) Learning experiences
4) Performance standards and values

66
Q

Lower thoracic region is responsible for what

A

The trunk

67
Q

Incremental validity is greatest when

A

1) The base rate is moderate
2) The validity coefficient is high
3) selection ratio is low

68
Q

C8 is responsible for what

A

Ring and little fingers

69
Q

Who is associated with the Need for Achievement theory

A

McClelland

70
Q

Primary prevention

A

Aims to prevent problems before they occur

71
Q

Elaborate rehearsal

A

Thinking about how new information relates to existing memory

72
Q

Raven’s Progressive Matrices

A

A non-verbal assessment of abstract reasoning and a fairly good predictor of general cognitive functioning.

73
Q

Hawthorne Effect

A

When subjects behave differently because they are participating in research

74
Q

Holophrase

A

A whole word, which when combined with gestures and intonation can express an entire thought.

75
Q

Alogia

A

Speechlessness

76
Q

What is in the tegmentum?

A

Substantia nigra

77
Q

Test’s validity and reliability coefficients

A

A test’s validity coefficient can never be higher than the square root of the its reliability coefficient

78
Q

Inoculation

A

Exposing a person to a weak argument against one’s position reduces the likelihood that they will change their minds with a persuasive message

79
Q

5 bases of social power

A

1) Legitimate
2) Expert
3) Referent
4) Coercive
5) Reward

80
Q

Substantia nigra

A

In the tegmentum and is part of the brain’s sensorimotor system

81
Q

Phoneme

A

Smallest unit of language

Can distinguish meaning of different words, but by itself, does not carry meaning

I.e. “b” and “m” distinguish between bet and met

82
Q

Conclusion of Smith and Glass’’ meta analysis

A

Individuals who received psychotherapy were better off than 80% of controls

83
Q

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

A

Associated with lesions on the amygdala and characterized by reduced fear and aggression, increased acquiescence, and hyper sexuality.

84
Q

What is in the tectum?

A

Inferior colliculus and the superior colliculus

85
Q

What are conditions that may permit the use of a selection or other employment procedure that results in an adverse impact?

A

Business necessity and job relatedness

86
Q

Consultee-centered case consultation is most like

A

Technical supervision

87
Q

Leniency bias

A

Tendency of a rather to give all ratees positive ratings

88
Q

Secondary prevention

A

Early detection and treatment of problems before they develop into full-blown illness with long-term consequences.

89
Q

Bem’s self-perception theory

A

When internal cues are weak or difficult to interpret, we rely on observations of our behavior and/or circumstances in which this behavior occurs to interpret our attitudes, emotions, and other internal states.

We base out attitudes on our behaviors

90
Q

Who is associated with Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making?

A

Krumboltz

91
Q

Characteristics of Sleep Terror Disorder

A

1) Repeated occurrence of sleep terrors
2) Begins between 4 and 12
3) Resolves spontaneously in adolescence
4) Frequency varies over time
5) More common in males than female in childhood

92
Q

What is in the postcentral gyrus

A

Somatosensory cortex

93
Q

Three needs underlying motivation in McClelland’s Need for Achievement theory

A

1) Need for achievement
2) Need for power
3) Need for affiliation

94
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale

A

Standardized test that rates 3 categories of patient responses:

  1. Eye opening
  2. Best motor response
  3. Best verbal response
95
Q

Primary versus recency effect in terms of time

A

Within the first few seconds after presentation, recency effect is more powerful.

For longer intervals, primacy effect has been shown to be stronger.

96
Q

What type of theory is Super’s theory

A

Developmental or stage theory

97
Q

Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery looks at what:

A 
Attention
Language
Memory
Abstract thinking 
Motor speed
Spatial reasoning
98
Q

Clearly model of test fairness: when is a test considered unfair

A

When the slope and/or the y intercept of the regression line is different for one subgroup than for another

99
Q

What has been deemphasized in Alloy, Abramson, and Metalky’s learned helplessness model of depression?

A

Attributions - They are now only important at when they contribute to the feelings of hopelessness

100
Q

Lumbar region is responsible for what

A

Hip, thigh, and leg

101
Q

Medial temporal lobe is associated with what type of memory

A

Long term

102
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A

After an illness or problem has been treated and is designed to prevent recurrence of the problem

103
Q

Inferior colliculus

A

Part of the tectum and involve in audition

104
Q

Impact of damage to the temporal lobe on memory

A

Produces deficits in declarative memory with episodic memory being affected more than semantic memory

105
Q

Where is the hypothalamus

A

In the diencephalon

106
Q

Rancho Los Amigo Scale

A

Evaluation of 8 levels of cognitive functioning administered in acute rehab settings following release from ICU

107
Q

Cass’ process of homosexual identity development

A

1) Identity awareness (conscious of being different)
2) Identity comparison (believes may be homosexual, acts heterosexual)
3) Identity intolerance (realizes is homosexual)
4) Identity acceptance (begins to explore gay community)
5) Identity pride (active in community)
6) Synthesis (fully accepts self and others)

108
Q

Purpose of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery

A

To provide an overall assessment of brain functioning

109
Q

What has the greatest impact on self-esteem in children?

A

Androgyny is associated with the highest levels of self esteem

Gender-role identity has a greater impact than biological sex

110
Q

Onset of pseudodementia

A

Gradual but consistent

111
Q

Symptoms during chronic phase of Hypoglycemia

A

Depression, psychosis, and/or personality changes

112
Q

Berne’s script

A

Reflects the persons characteristic pattern or giving and receiving strokes

113
Q

Most important factor in lower functioning client groups

A

Instillation of hope

114
Q

What is most effective per goal-setting theory

A

When goals are at least moderately difficult and specific feedback regarding progress is provided

115
Q

Lesion on the parietal lobe result in:

A

Impaired spatial orientation

116
Q

Troiden’s age-graded model

A

1) Sensitization
2) Identity confusion
3) Identity assumption
4) Commitment

117
Q

T1 is responsible for what

A

The hand and arm

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