7 Flashcards
Mean square within
A measure of within-group variance or the degree to which subjects within the same experimental group differ from each other.
It is the denominator of the F ratio
Cultural universality
The assumption that Western concepts of normality and abnormality can be considered universal and equally applicable across cultures.
Methods used in motivational interviewing
OARS Open ended questions Affirmations Reflective listening Summarizing
Also Eliciting Change Talk
Lazarus’ cognitive appraisal theory
Suggests that emotional reactions to a situation follow a cognitive assessment of the situation.
Brand name and type: Fluvoxamine
Luvox, SSRI
Doctrine of comparable work
States that workers should get equal pay for performing jobs that have equivalent worth.
Most effective treatment for agoraphobia
In-vivo exposure therapy
Thee types of appraisal in Lazarus’ cognitive appraisal theory
1) Primary - one’s perception of the situation (positive, negative, irrelevant)
2) Secondary - Assessment of resources available to deal with the situation
3) Re-appraisal - Watching the situation and changing the other types of appraisals as necessary
Who is associated with Circular questioning
Milan systemic school of family therapy
When would you use an ANCOVA
When there is an extraneous variable that you want to control the effects for
Multicultural competence requires the following factors
1) Awareness
2) Knowledge
3) Skills
Teleology
Logic error which explains a phenomenon by saying that it was some spirit or higher power that causes the relationship
Damage to the orbitofrontal cortex is most likely associated with
Altered emotional behavior
Collaborative empiricism
A central technique of Beck’s CBT and refers to the therapist and client working together to gather evidence and test the logic of the client’s thoughts and beliefs.
High versus low scores on the K scale
High - defensive approach
Low - Unusually frank and self-critical approach
Need for achievement theory
Three needs underlie motivations
1) Need for achievement
2) Need for power
3) Need for affiliation
Prevalence rates of schizophrenia
1 in every 100 people
Animistic thinking
Believing that objects have lifelike qualities such as thoughts and feelings
Brand name and type: Escitalopram
Lexapro, SSRI
Path goal theory propose that
The best leadership style depends on certain characteristics of the situation
Attributions for depressed versus optimistic
Depressed - Internal, stable, global
Optimistic - external, unstable, specific
What does a schema therapist do when a client repeats dysfunctional schema-based patterns
The therapist confronts them empathically with reasons for changes and supplies a partial antidote to needs that were not adequately met in childhood. Referred to as limited reparenting
Strongest bond in a Hispanic American family
Parent and child
Best predictor of turnover
Biographical data
Latent coding
Occurs when a researcher reads into the meaning of the content they are analyzing to get data rather than simply taking it at face value.
Requirements for Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder
The presence of one or more physical complaints that persist for 6 months or longer and cannot be fully explained by another mental disorder or physical illness
Side effects of Naltrexone
Nausea
Headaches
Dizziness
Factor analysis, rotating factors, and eigenvalues
In factor analysis rotating factors changes the factor loading for the variable and the eigenvalue for each factor although the total of the eigenvalues remains the same
Opponent-process theory of emotion
The brain avoids extremes of emotional experience by counteracting a strong positive or negative emotion with an opposite or opponent emotional response.
Bradykinesia/akinesia
Slowness and absence of movement
Team building
Designed to improve the problem-solving abilities of goal-oriented work groups.
Goals are to increase motivation, increase team cohesiveness, reduce interpersonal conflict, and clarify team members’ roles
Symptoms of hypothyroidism
1) Slowed heart rate
2) Depression
3) Lethargy
4) Impaired concentration and memory
Holland theorizes
That workers will be happy and most productive when their personality matches the characteristics of the work environment.
EMG
Electromyogram
Measures impulses in the muscles and indicates the degree of relaxation or contraction/tension
Best predictors of treatment outcome for substance abuse
Psychiatric severity and problem severity
Early maladaptive schemas
Self-defeating emotional and cognitive patterns that begin early in development and repeat throughout life
Damage to what area can lead to perseveration
Frontal lobe
Primary circular reactions
Repetitions of pleasurable actions and are characteristic of babies between 1-4 months of age
EEG
Electroencephalogram
Provides information on brainwave activity and patterns.
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism
1) Accelerated heart rate
2) Agitation
3) Nervousness
4) Fatigue
5) Insomnia
Lewinsohn’s theory proposes depression is associated with
A low rate of response-continent positive reinforcement.
Brand name and type: Duloxetine
Cymbalta, SSNRI
Hypokalemia
Low levels of potassium
What subtest of the WAIS is most impacted by TBI
Processing speed
Premack Principle
Using a frequently occurring behavior to reinforce an infrequently occurring one.
Factors that contribute to more rapid progression of HIV to AIDS
1) Lower IQ
2) Older age
3) Presence of somatic symptoms of depression
Deindividuation
The loss of a person’s identity and a loosening of normal restraints against deviant behavior.
Occurs under conditions of anonymity
Cognitive-appraisal theory
One’s emotion at a given time depends on one’s interpretation of the situation one is in
When would you use a split-plot (mixed) ANOVA
When at least one IV is a between group variable and another IV is a within subjects variable
Hyperorexia
Excessive appetite
Overextension
When a child uses a specific word to mean something more general, such as the word hat meaning anything put on the head
When would you use a MANOVA
When the study has 2 or more DVs and at least 1 IV
K scale
Developed to identify test-takers’ attempts to deny psychopathology and present oneself favorably or to exaggerate psychopathology and appear unfavorably
Negative state-relief theory
States we engage in pro social behavior to relieve our own state of emotional distress at another’s plight
Individuals high in need for achievement seek:
1) Autonomy
2) Personal responsibility
3) Recognition of their efforts
Tend to prefer moderately difficult goals and tasks.
When would you use a factorial ANOVA
Use to analyze data when a factorial design, which includes two or more IVs, is used and the DV is measured on an internal or ratio scale
Untreated diabetes mellitus results in
1) Increased appetite with weight loss
2) Apathy
3) confusion
4) Mental dullness
5) Polyuria
6) Polydipsia
7) increased susceptibility to infection
Agrammaticism
The loss of the ability to combine words into correct sentences
Centration
The tendency to focus on one detail while neglecting others
Symptoms of Cushing’s disease
1) Emotional lability
2) Memory loss
3) Depression
4) Obesity
Ego develops at what age
6 months
Effect of mood on peripheral messages
A positive mood, and sometimes fear, has been shown to increase the likelihood of attitude change
Tautology
Logic error based on circular reasoning, meaning that something is true by definition or the DV is simply a restatement of the IV
Reactance
The theory that a person will react against perceived threats to freedom by choosing a course of action that is the opposite of what he or she is being pressured to do.
Cultural encapsulation
When a therapist defines reality according to one set of cultural assumptions, becomes insensitive to cultural variations, disregards evidence disproving their assumptions, depends on technique-oriented or quick-fix solutions to problems and judges others from their own self-reference criteria
Rotation in factor analysis is used to
Obtain a pattern that’s easier to interpret since the pattern of factor loadings in the initial factor matrix is often difficult to interpret.
It alters the magnitude of the factor loading
Opiate withdrawal symptoms
1) Dysphoric mood
2) Nausea
3) Muscle aches
4) Runny eyes and nose
5) Pupillary dilation
6) Sweating
7) Diarrhea
8) Fever
9) Insomnia
Overgeneralization
When grammatical rules are overextended, such as adding “s” to foot to form a plural
Hyperkinesis
Abnormally increased motor function or activity, hyperactivity
Circular questioning
Asking questions that highlight differences among family members or define relationships between them.
Usually involves asking a member about their perceptions of the relationship between other members.
Manifest coding
Occurs in content analysis when coding content is based on the face-value rather than looking into the meaning
WDEP
Strategy used in Reality therapy W - Exploring wants and perceptions D - Direction or what client is doing E - Evaluate it bx is moving towards goal P - Planning
Type and example of selegiline
MAOI, Emsam (transdermal formulation)
Dissociative amnesia versus amnesia due to known physical causes
Dissociative amnesia typically includes:
1) memory loss is primarily autobiographical
2) cognitive abilities are usually preserved
3) Memory loss can be reversed
4) memory loss is usually for information acquired after the emotional trauma
Early onset OCD in children
Compulsions typically have an earlier onset than obsessions (1-2 years)
Also associated with :
Male preponderance
Higher rate of comorbidity
Greater familial loading for OCD
Higher frequency of repeating compulsions
Higher frequency of hoarding obsessions and compulsions
Highest suicide rates by ages for white versus African American males
White - 75+
African Americans - 25-44
Side effects of propranolol
Bradycardia Hypotension Fatigue Sexual dysfunction Depression
Hypophonia
A weak voice due to incoordination of the vocal muscles
What does schema therapy address
The core psychological themes typical in individual with characterological disorders. Core themes are referred to as early maladaptive schemas
Patterson’s coercive family interactive model
Children initially learn aggressive behavior from their parents who model aggression through their use of harsh discipline and ignore or reinforce their child’s aggressiveness.
Results of discontinuing morphine
Flu like symptoms
Organizational development
A planned, organization-wide effort, managed from the top-down,designed to improve the organizational health and effectiveness by applying behavioral science knowledge. Target is the entire organization
EDR
Electrodermal response
Measures skin surface changes, giving feedback on the relation between the emotional state and the activity of the sympathetic system via sweat gland activity
Percentage of child who exhibit signs of ADHD as adults
30-70%
Three stages of Meichenbaum’s stress inoculation training
1) Conceptualization
2) Skills Training
3) Application
Hypalgesia
A relative insensitivity to pain
Low LPC leaders are most effective when
The situation is either very favorable or very unfavorable
Inter group contact to reduce prejudice requires
1) frequent contact
2) Duration that allows meaningful relationships to develop
3) Equal status
4) Working towards a common goal
5) Social and institutional support
Purpose of stress inoculation training
To help people acquire the necessary skills to cope more effectively with stress
Order of positive effects from flextime
1) Absenteeism (.93)
2) productivity (.45)
3) Satisfaction with schedule (.32)
4) Job satisfaction (.15)
Alcohol abuse and dependence differences by gender
5:1 frequency men to women
Females tend to start drinking heavily later in life than males and may develop disorders later
Tonic versus clonic phases
Tonic - Extension of limbs
Clonic - Violent rhythmic contractions
Ipsative scores
Report an examinee’s scores using the examinee themself as a farm of reference.
Diagnosis of transient tic disorder
Motor and/or vocal tics lasting 4 weeks to 12 months
Mainstream American culture locus of control and responsibility
Both internal
Utility analysis is used to assess
The return on investment of training
Self-control therapy
A behavioral intervention that is used primarily to reverse undesirable habits and has also been found to be an effective treatment for depression
Dyspraxia
A lifelong disorder that affects a person’s development in the area of motor development. People with dyspraxia have difficulty planning and completing intended fine motor tasks.
Ecological fallacy
A logic error that occurs when trying to prove causation, levels of data are mismatched and statistics are applied at one level to infer data of another level.
