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Final Countdown > 7 > Flashcards

7 Flashcards

1
Q

Mean square within

A

A measure of within-group variance or the degree to which subjects within the same experimental group differ from each other.

It is the denominator of the F ratio

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2
Q

Cultural universality

A

The assumption that Western concepts of normality and abnormality can be considered universal and equally applicable across cultures.

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3
Q

Methods used in motivational interviewing

A 
OARS
Open ended questions
Affirmations
Reflective listening
Summarizing

Also Eliciting Change Talk

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4
Q

Lazarus’ cognitive appraisal theory

A

Suggests that emotional reactions to a situation follow a cognitive assessment of the situation.

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5
Q

Brand name and type: Fluvoxamine

A

Luvox, SSRI

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6
Q

Doctrine of comparable work

A

States that workers should get equal pay for performing jobs that have equivalent worth.

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7
Q

Most effective treatment for agoraphobia

A

In-vivo exposure therapy

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8
Q

Thee types of appraisal in Lazarus’ cognitive appraisal theory

A

1) Primary - one’s perception of the situation (positive, negative, irrelevant)
2) Secondary - Assessment of resources available to deal with the situation
3) Re-appraisal - Watching the situation and changing the other types of appraisals as necessary

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9
Q

Who is associated with Circular questioning

A

Milan systemic school of family therapy

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11
Q

When would you use an ANCOVA

A

When there is an extraneous variable that you want to control the effects for

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12
Q

Multicultural competence requires the following factors

A

1) Awareness
2) Knowledge
3) Skills

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13
Q

Teleology

A

Logic error which explains a phenomenon by saying that it was some spirit or higher power that causes the relationship

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14
Q

Damage to the orbitofrontal cortex is most likely associated with

A

Altered emotional behavior

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16
Q

Collaborative empiricism

A

A central technique of Beck’s CBT and refers to the therapist and client working together to gather evidence and test the logic of the client’s thoughts and beliefs.

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17
Q

High versus low scores on the K scale

A

High - defensive approach

Low - Unusually frank and self-critical approach

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18
Q

Need for achievement theory

A

Three needs underlie motivations

1) Need for achievement
2) Need for power
3) Need for affiliation

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19
Q

Prevalence rates of schizophrenia

A

1 in every 100 people

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20
Q

Animistic thinking

A

Believing that objects have lifelike qualities such as thoughts and feelings

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21
Q

Brand name and type: Escitalopram

A

Lexapro, SSRI

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22
Q

Path goal theory propose that

A

The best leadership style depends on certain characteristics of the situation

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23
Q

Attributions for depressed versus optimistic

A

Depressed - Internal, stable, global

Optimistic - external, unstable, specific

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24
Q

What does a schema therapist do when a client repeats dysfunctional schema-based patterns

A

The therapist confronts them empathically with reasons for changes and supplies a partial antidote to needs that were not adequately met in childhood. Referred to as limited reparenting

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25
Q

Strongest bond in a Hispanic American family

A

Parent and child

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26
Q

Best predictor of turnover

A

Biographical data

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27
Q

Latent coding

A

Occurs when a researcher reads into the meaning of the content they are analyzing to get data rather than simply taking it at face value.

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28
Q

Requirements for Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder

A

The presence of one or more physical complaints that persist for 6 months or longer and cannot be fully explained by another mental disorder or physical illness

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30
Q

Side effects of Naltrexone

A

Nausea
Headaches
Dizziness

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31
Q

Factor analysis, rotating factors, and eigenvalues

A

In factor analysis rotating factors changes the factor loading for the variable and the eigenvalue for each factor although the total of the eigenvalues remains the same

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32
Q

Opponent-process theory of emotion

A

The brain avoids extremes of emotional experience by counteracting a strong positive or negative emotion with an opposite or opponent emotional response.

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33
Q

Bradykinesia/akinesia

A

Slowness and absence of movement

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34
Q

Team building

A

Designed to improve the problem-solving abilities of goal-oriented work groups.

Goals are to increase motivation, increase team cohesiveness, reduce interpersonal conflict, and clarify team members’ roles

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35
Q

Symptoms of hypothyroidism

A

1) Slowed heart rate
2) Depression
3) Lethargy
4) Impaired concentration and memory

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36
Q

Holland theorizes

A

That workers will be happy and most productive when their personality matches the characteristics of the work environment.

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38
Q

EMG

A

Electromyogram

Measures impulses in the muscles and indicates the degree of relaxation or contraction/tension

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39
Q

Best predictors of treatment outcome for substance abuse

A

Psychiatric severity and problem severity

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40
Q

Early maladaptive schemas

A

Self-defeating emotional and cognitive patterns that begin early in development and repeat throughout life

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41
Q

Damage to what area can lead to perseveration

A

Frontal lobe

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42
Q

Primary circular reactions

A

Repetitions of pleasurable actions and are characteristic of babies between 1-4 months of age

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43
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalogram

Provides information on brainwave activity and patterns.

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44
Q

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A

1) Accelerated heart rate
2) Agitation
3) Nervousness
4) Fatigue
5) Insomnia

45
Q

Lewinsohn’s theory proposes depression is associated with

A

A low rate of response-continent positive reinforcement.

46
Q

Brand name and type: Duloxetine

A

Cymbalta, SSNRI

47
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Low levels of potassium

48
Q

What subtest of the WAIS is most impacted by TBI

A

Processing speed

49
Q

Premack Principle

A

Using a frequently occurring behavior to reinforce an infrequently occurring one.

50
Q

Factors that contribute to more rapid progression of HIV to AIDS

A

1) Lower IQ
2) Older age
3) Presence of somatic symptoms of depression

51
Q

Deindividuation

A

The loss of a person’s identity and a loosening of normal restraints against deviant behavior.

Occurs under conditions of anonymity

52
Q

Cognitive-appraisal theory

A

One’s emotion at a given time depends on one’s interpretation of the situation one is in

53
Q

When would you use a split-plot (mixed) ANOVA

A

When at least one IV is a between group variable and another IV is a within subjects variable

54
Q

Hyperorexia

A

Excessive appetite

55
Q

Overextension

A

When a child uses a specific word to mean something more general, such as the word hat meaning anything put on the head

56
Q

When would you use a MANOVA

A

When the study has 2 or more DVs and at least 1 IV

57
Q

K scale

A

Developed to identify test-takers’ attempts to deny psychopathology and present oneself favorably or to exaggerate psychopathology and appear unfavorably

58
Q

Negative state-relief theory

A

States we engage in pro social behavior to relieve our own state of emotional distress at another’s plight

59
Q

Individuals high in need for achievement seek:

A

1) Autonomy
2) Personal responsibility
3) Recognition of their efforts

Tend to prefer moderately difficult goals and tasks.

60
Q

When would you use a factorial ANOVA

A

Use to analyze data when a factorial design, which includes two or more IVs, is used and the DV is measured on an internal or ratio scale

60
Q

Untreated diabetes mellitus results in

A

1) Increased appetite with weight loss
2) Apathy
3) confusion
4) Mental dullness
5) Polyuria
6) Polydipsia
7) increased susceptibility to infection

61
Q

Agrammaticism

A

The loss of the ability to combine words into correct sentences

62
Q

Centration

A

The tendency to focus on one detail while neglecting others

63
Q

Symptoms of Cushing’s disease

A

1) Emotional lability
2) Memory loss
3) Depression
4) Obesity

64
Q

Ego develops at what age

A

6 months

65
Q

Effect of mood on peripheral messages

A

A positive mood, and sometimes fear, has been shown to increase the likelihood of attitude change

68
Q

Tautology

A

Logic error based on circular reasoning, meaning that something is true by definition or the DV is simply a restatement of the IV

69
Q

Reactance

A

The theory that a person will react against perceived threats to freedom by choosing a course of action that is the opposite of what he or she is being pressured to do.

70
Q

Cultural encapsulation

A

When a therapist defines reality according to one set of cultural assumptions, becomes insensitive to cultural variations, disregards evidence disproving their assumptions, depends on technique-oriented or quick-fix solutions to problems and judges others from their own self-reference criteria

71
Q

Rotation in factor analysis is used to

A

Obtain a pattern that’s easier to interpret since the pattern of factor loadings in the initial factor matrix is often difficult to interpret.

It alters the magnitude of the factor loading

72
Q

Opiate withdrawal symptoms

A

1) Dysphoric mood
2) Nausea
3) Muscle aches
4) Runny eyes and nose
5) Pupillary dilation
6) Sweating
7) Diarrhea
8) Fever
9) Insomnia

73
Q

Overgeneralization

A

When grammatical rules are overextended, such as adding “s” to foot to form a plural

75
Q

Hyperkinesis

A

Abnormally increased motor function or activity, hyperactivity

76
Q

Circular questioning

A

Asking questions that highlight differences among family members or define relationships between them.

Usually involves asking a member about their perceptions of the relationship between other members.

77
Q

Manifest coding

A

Occurs in content analysis when coding content is based on the face-value rather than looking into the meaning

78
Q

WDEP

A 
Strategy used in Reality therapy
W - Exploring wants and perceptions
D - Direction or what client is doing
E - Evaluate it bx is moving towards goal
P - Planning
79
Q

Type and example of selegiline

A

MAOI, Emsam (transdermal formulation)

80
Q

Dissociative amnesia versus amnesia due to known physical causes

A

Dissociative amnesia typically includes:

1) memory loss is primarily autobiographical
2) cognitive abilities are usually preserved
3) Memory loss can be reversed
4) memory loss is usually for information acquired after the emotional trauma

81
Q

Early onset OCD in children

A

Compulsions typically have an earlier onset than obsessions (1-2 years)

Also associated with :
Male preponderance
Higher rate of comorbidity
Greater familial loading for OCD
Higher frequency of repeating compulsions
Higher frequency of hoarding obsessions and compulsions

82
Q

Highest suicide rates by ages for white versus African American males

A

White - 75+

African Americans - 25-44

83
Q

Side effects of propranolol

A 
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Fatigue
Sexual dysfunction 
Depression
84
Q

Hypophonia

A

A weak voice due to incoordination of the vocal muscles

85
Q

What does schema therapy address

A

The core psychological themes typical in individual with characterological disorders. Core themes are referred to as early maladaptive schemas

86
Q

Patterson’s coercive family interactive model

A

Children initially learn aggressive behavior from their parents who model aggression through their use of harsh discipline and ignore or reinforce their child’s aggressiveness.

87
Q

Results of discontinuing morphine

A

Flu like symptoms

88
Q

Organizational development

A

A planned, organization-wide effort, managed from the top-down,designed to improve the organizational health and effectiveness by applying behavioral science knowledge. Target is the entire organization

89
Q

EDR

A

Electrodermal response

Measures skin surface changes, giving feedback on the relation between the emotional state and the activity of the sympathetic system via sweat gland activity

90
Q

Percentage of child who exhibit signs of ADHD as adults

A

30-70%

91
Q

Three stages of Meichenbaum’s stress inoculation training

A

1) Conceptualization
2) Skills Training
3) Application

92
Q

Hypalgesia

A

A relative insensitivity to pain

93
Q

Low LPC leaders are most effective when

A

The situation is either very favorable or very unfavorable

94
Q

Inter group contact to reduce prejudice requires

A

1) frequent contact
2) Duration that allows meaningful relationships to develop
3) Equal status
4) Working towards a common goal
5) Social and institutional support

94
Q

Purpose of stress inoculation training

A

To help people acquire the necessary skills to cope more effectively with stress

94
Q

Order of positive effects from flextime

A

1) Absenteeism (.93)
2) productivity (.45)
3) Satisfaction with schedule (.32)
4) Job satisfaction (.15)

94
Q

Alcohol abuse and dependence differences by gender

A

5:1 frequency men to women

Females tend to start drinking heavily later in life than males and may develop disorders later

94
Q

Tonic versus clonic phases

A

Tonic - Extension of limbs

Clonic - Violent rhythmic contractions

94
Q

Ipsative scores

A

Report an examinee’s scores using the examinee themself as a farm of reference.

94
Q

Diagnosis of transient tic disorder

A

Motor and/or vocal tics lasting 4 weeks to 12 months

94
Q

Mainstream American culture locus of control and responsibility

A

Both internal

94
Q

Utility analysis is used to assess

A

The return on investment of training

96
Q

Self-control therapy

A

A behavioral intervention that is used primarily to reverse undesirable habits and has also been found to be an effective treatment for depression

97
Q

Dyspraxia

A

A lifelong disorder that affects a person’s development in the area of motor development. People with dyspraxia have difficulty planning and completing intended fine motor tasks.

98
Q

Ecological fallacy

A

A logic error that occurs when trying to prove causation, levels of data are mismatched and statistics are applied at one level to infer data of another level.

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