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Final Countdown > 8 > Flashcards

8 Flashcards

1
Q

What aspects of sleep are associated with Depression

A

1) more rapid onset of REM
2) Decrease percentage of slow wave sleep
3) Increased percentage of REM sleep

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2
Q

Structural equation modeling

A

A multivariate technique used to evaluate the causal (predictive) influences or test causal hypotheses about the relationships among a set of factors.

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3
Q

Central limit theorem

A

The shape of a sampling distribution of means approaches normality as sample size increases

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4
Q

What does the slope of the curve indicate on an item response curve

A

It’s ability to discriminate between high and low scorers

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5
Q

Role of GABA

A

Regulates the levels of dopamine in the brain through an inhibitory process

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6
Q

What is the striatum responsible for

A

Producing GABA

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7
Q

Survival analysis

A

Used to assess the length of time to the occurrence of a critical event

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8
Q

Mahler’s concept of individuation

A

When the child develops an inner representation of the mother, an ability to test reality, a sense of time, and an awareness of the existence of others as distinct from him or herself.

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9
Q

Confounding variable

A

A variable in research study which is not of interest to the researcher, but exerts systematic effect on the DV

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10
Q

Four horsemen of the apocalypse

A

1) Criticism
2) Defensiveness
3) Contempt
4) Stonewalling

Associated with early divorce (first 7 years)

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11
Q

Secondary preventions

A

Involved early detection and intervention for a problem in order to reduce its duration and keep it from getting worse.

Examples include crisis intervention, suicide hotlines, and screening tests

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12
Q

Dropout rate and ethnicity

A

Highest - African Americans

Lowest - Asian Americans

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13
Q

What does the y intercept indicate on an item response curve

A

The probability of answering the question correctly by guessing

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15
Q

Criterion contamination

A

When a rater’s knowledge of an employee’s performance on a predictor biases how the employee is rated on a criterion

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16
Q

What is contained in the striatum and where is it located

A

The caudate and the putamen

It is in the basal ganglia

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18
Q

Elaboration likelihood model

A

A cognitive model of attitude change that predicts that persuasion can occur in one of two ways - through a central and a peripheral route

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19
Q

Gender stability

A

Develops by 4 years of age

An understanding that one’s gender doesn’t change over time

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20
Q

Fusion in family therapy

A

Used by Bowen

An inability to separate intellectual from emotional functioning, or an inability to separate one’s own thoughts and feelings from those of other family members

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21
Q

James Lange theory of emotion

A

An event causes physiological arousal first, then interpretation

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22
Q

Q-technique factor analysis

A

Determines how many types of people a sample of people represents

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23
Q

95% probability that a person’s true score lies within

A

2 standard errors of measurement of the obtained score

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24
Q

Solomon four-group design

A

A true experimental design used to evaluate the effects of pretesting since some groups are pretested and others are not.

25
Q

Effect of prenatal malnutrition in the third trimester

A

Negative effects on the central nervous system, specifically the brain

26
Q

Criterion deficiency

A

What is missed or deficient in the criterion uses.

I.e. using a typing test as the sole criterion for a secretary when job is more than that

28
Q

Coalition in family therapy

A

An alliance of two family members against a third

29
Q

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

A

Physiological and emotional arousal are experienced at the same time

29
Q

Mahler’s concept of separation

A

When the child disengages and differentiates from the mother

31
Q

Overall Somatoform disorders

A

Characterized by physical symptoms which have no known physical cause and are believed to be caused by psychological factors.

32
Q

Differential validity

A

A test which has significantly different validity coefficients for different subgroups

33
Q

Connection between crystallized and fluid intelligence

A

Crystallized intelligence develops through the use of fluid intelligence

34
Q

Hemispheres and emotions

A

Left - governs positive emotions

Right - Governs negative emotions

36
Q

What is predictive of later divorce

A

Suppression of affect, both positive and negative

37
Q

Incremental validity is greatest when

A

1) The base rate is moderate
2) the validity coefficient is high
3) the selection ratio is low

38
Q

What does the position of the curve (left or right) indicate on an item response curve

A

The items difficulty

39
Q

How to obtain a measure of shared variability

A

Square the factor loading

40
Q

What happens with Huntington’s disease

A

The death of striatum cells causes decreased amounts of GABA which leads to an overproduction of dopamine and results in chorea

43
Q

Characteristics of a hypomanic episode

A

Persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood for at least 4 days with 3 or more of the following symptoms:

1) inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
2) Decreased need for sleep
3) Talkativeness
4) Racing thoughts
5) Distractibility
6) Excessive involvement in high risk pleasurable activities
7) increase in goal-directed activity

Symptoms are not severe enough to cause marked impairment in functioning

46
Q

Moderator variable

A

Any variable that moderates, or influences, the relationship between two other variable

47
Q

Effect of prenatal malnutrition in the first trimester

A

Congenital malformations and spontaneous abortions

48
Q

Joining in family therapy

A

Technique described by Minuchin that involves adopting the family’s affective style

49
Q

Item characteristic curves

A

Graphs that depict individual test items in terms of the percentage of individuals in different ability groups who answered the item correctly.

50
Q

What model includes a decision tree

A

Vroom and Yetton

51
Q

Lazarus’ theory of emotion

A

A thought must precede any emotion or physiological arousal

52
Q

Mania according to psychoanalytic theory

A

Occurs as a defense against depression, due to an inability of the person to tolerate or admit to being depressed

52
Q

Where do complex partial seizures originate

A

Temporal lobe

54
Q

Gender constancy

A

Characterized by an understanding that gender stays the same despite changes in appearance

Achieved by 5 or 6

55
Q

Which big 5 personality dimension has the highest correlation with job performance and training success

A

Conscientiousness

56
Q

Schachter-Singer theory of emotion

A

An event causes physiological arousal first, then reasoning

57
Q

What determines an individual’s response to stress

A

A person’s perception of control or ability to cope

59
Q

Equilibration

A

A state of cognitive balance

61
Q

Gender identity

A

The ability to characterize self and others as male and female

Develops as early as 9 months or as late as 3 years

62
Q

Goals of Minuchin’s structural family therapy

A

Restructuring maladaptive family structures, including family subsystems and boundaries

63
Q

Where do absence seizures originate

A

Thalamus

64
Q

Three factors that influence the incremental validity of a test

A

1) The base rate (% of correct hires without test)
2) Test’s validity coefficient
3) Selection ration (ration of job openings to total applicants)

Final Countdown (14 decks)

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