Weaning to Finish 5 & 6 Flashcards

Question

Resp CLS?

Answer 1

Coughing ±Increased resp. effort ±Nasal/ocular discharge ±Decreased appetite ±Condition loss ±Reproductive effects ±Death

Answer 2

Blood samples --> ◦ Serology ◦ PCR Nasal/tonsillar swabs Post mortem examination --> ◦ Lung pathology ◦ Histopathology

Answer 3

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Answer 4

consolidation of tips of apical + cardiac lobes

Answer 5

Abattoir score of lungs ◦ Apical (cranial) – 10 x 2 ◦ Cardiac (middle)– 10 x 2 ◦ Diaphragmatic (caudal)– 5 x 2 ◦ Intermediate (accessory) – 5 x 1 Max possible score = 55

Answer 6

Approx 80% UK herds infected Coughing, especially in older pigs Weight loss Reduced weight gain + FCR Pale pigs Increased mortality

Answer 7

Biosecurity ◦ keep it out! ◦ Vet to vet ‘conveyance’ is common ◦ Isolate incoming stock ◦ AI only Vaccination of piglets prior to, or at weaning Improve ventilation Reduce stocking density Medication ◦ Water - strategic ◦ Feed – continual or pulse medication

Answer 8

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia

Answer 9

**Lesions in centre of diaphragmatic lobe** Area of intense haemorrhage and overlying pleurisy Looks like ‘liver’ Deep abdominal cough Reduced growth rates Sudden deaths, sometimes without coughing

Answer 10

Can cause chronic, ‘heavy’ coughing and reduced growth, or in some cases sudden deaths

Answer 11

15 main serotypes, producing 3 different toxins Infection from dam, MDA lasts 5-6 wks, 10 wks with vaccination

Answer 12

Diagnosed at PME / abattoir monitoring Culture on CBA with V factor to confirm

Answer 13

- Ventilation + stocking density - Medication of creep or grower – usually only short period required - Vaccination of sows or piglets - Autogenous vaccines if commercial vaccines not available for that serotype

Answer 14

Glasserella parasuis

Answer 15

- Pericarditis and pleurisy - Polyserositis, so can affect all serous surfaces, joints, meninges, pericardium, peritoneum

Answer 16

Often occurs following immune suppression, eg with PRRS or PMW

Answer 17

◦ Vaccination ◦ Strategic medication ◦ Check environment, especially ventilation

Answer 18

Nasal distortion - seen later in life Bordetella damages the nasal membrane allowing toxigenic Pasteurella to enter and damage turbinates

Answer 19

Infection of piglet causes sneezing Tear staining

Answer 20

Monitor by snout section at abattoir Used to be common, now gone

Answer 21

porcine respiratory and reproductive disease Colloquially called ‘blue ear’, this is not pathognomic

Answer 22

◦ Sick sows, abortions, deaths ◦ Very high piglet mortality ◦ Increase in other diseases, especially respiratory

Answer 23

◦ Pneumonia, with lung congestion + oedema ◦ Monitor by serology

Answer 24

Piglet scour

Answer 25

ear tip and snout necrosis

Answer 26

Everything coughs, sows, piglets, growers Widespread inappetance Some deaths

Answer 27

Waves of coughing in finishers, with periodic increases in mortality Severity depends on the strain ‘blue flu’ = PRRS + flu

Answer 28

Porcine Respiratory Dx complex

Answer 29

MIXED INFECTION PRRSv Coronavirus Swine Influenza virus Circovirus (PCV2)

Answer 30

- Nasal swabs - Pharyngeal / tracheal swabs - Oral fluids

Answer 31

– virus isolation for ‘flu. (We don’t tend to use it for EP as it isn’t particularly sensitive). You might need smaller swabs – and it’s worth checking with the receiving lab that you are using the right type of swab and medium before you go).

Answer 32

– testing for EP by PCR on throat swabs is more likely to give a positive result in the early stages of an outbreak. Not easy to do and requires either a high level of manual dexterity or another pair of hands and a serviceable pig gag

Answer 33

we can test for PRRS using oral fluids. Ropes are hung in the pens, the pigs allowed to chew them and then the fluids squeezed out of the ropes into tubes – tested via PCR.

Answer 34

- Low fibre - 'grist' of food too fine - Overcrowing - Inadequate feed space - Cold - Excess coughing - More in males

Answer 35

- If left in pen will become traumatised - Remove to recovery area - Can put into hospital – many will drop off on own - Surgical replacement pointless - May result in strictures – “barrel” pigs

Answer 36

- Dependent upon type of parasites - Injectable - ivermectin - In-feed – ivermectin, flubendazole - In-water – fenbendazole, flubendazole - Coccidiostats – oral dose / inject with piglet iron

Answer 37

Gastric ulcers Intestinal torsion Ringworm Clostridia Tail biting

Answer 38

-Skin ‘diamonds’ – often feel as much as see -‘diamonds’ may scab later -Pyrexia -Inappetance -Reduced fertility in sows

Answer 39

Sometimes skin lesions scab off May get endocarditis + joint lesions Treatment – penicillin by injection

Answer 40

◦ Vaccination. Very cheap. Booster every 6months ◦ Can be given at weaning ◦ Maternal antibody lasts 10 – 12 weeks so may have to vaccinate finishers

Answer 41

Lethargy Inappettance Pyrexia Skin lesions Joint swelling Congested extremities Sudden death

Answer 42

Clinical signs Post mortem examination ◦ Nothing ◦ Endocarditis ◦ Polyserositis Microbiology ◦ Joint fluid ◦ Endocarditis lesion ◦ Heart blood

Answer 43

Exudative epidermitis Staph hyicus -> occurs in weaners and growers

Answer 44

in association with ◦ poor ventilation ◦ Damp conditions ◦ fighting ◦ Skin damage, eg mange

Answer 45

Penicillin, lincomycin by injection Topical disinfection NSAID’s B vitamins ‘marmite disease’ Managing environment

Answer 46

Looks a bit like circular patches of ringworm Autosomal recessive Leave to recover

Answer 47

- SUMMER xarm humid - May only be a small rahs on live pig but quite severe after processing Tx: wait a week, NSAIDs Control: env + fly control

Answer 48

Ascaris suum

Answer 49

- Very difficult to eradicate in a continuous flow scrape through system - Milk spot = exposure in previous 6 wks - Can cause total obstruction of small intestine in weaner/growers

Answer 50

Lesions extends into substance of liver

Answer 51

it's the severity of milk spot that's important ie number of milk spots per affected liver

Answer 52

- Growth rate will be poor so sell early - Some abattoirs require FCI (= food chain information) cert if sent for slaughter - If skin is ulcerated, they are unfit to be transported

Answer 53

if skin is ulcerated -> both owner and driver of transport

Answer 54

M hyosynoviae - Infection from dam to piglet; carried by piglet to finisher weight - Onset of disease often associated with stress -Sudden onset acute lameness

Answer 55

tylosin, lincomycin, tiamulin, NSAID

Answer 56

Congenital and progressive Leads to depressed growth Hereditary, so carefully monitor gilts Slaughter early

Answer 57

Minimise disturbance during the day Maintain lower light levels – but within legal limits Reduced riding = improved welfare Split sexing in finishing phase Castration

Answer 58

Improvac GnRH vaccination ◦ 2 doses 4 wks apart, ◦ 2 nd dose 6 wks prior to slaughter. ◦ Pigs finish one week earlier