Management of the growing lamb Flashcards

1
Q

What are some common disease in lamb > 6 weeks

A
  • PAsteurella
  • Clostridial disease
  • Pulp kidney
  • GI parasites -> nematodirus, Telodorsagia, haemochus
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2
Q

Describe Pasteurellosis

A
  • Opportunistic pathogens
  • Susceptible after time of stress
    and other URT viral infection
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3
Q

What presentaiton sof pasteurellosis are there?

A

A. Bacterial infection of lowerresp tract
Septicaemia (>2months)

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4
Q

Signs of LRT infection?

A
  • Dyspnoea
  • Fever
  • Depression
  • Coughing
  • Oronasal discharge
  • Abnormal lung sounds
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5
Q

Septiaemia signs?

A
  • Fever
  • Listlessness
  • Sudden Death

URT→ LRT→ Blood system → septicaemia + localisation in other tissues

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6
Q

Diagnosis PAsteurellosis?

A

History of stressors or other viral respiratory insults
Clinical signs
Antenatal- BAL and culture
Post-mortem- pulmonary samples for PCR

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7
Q

Tx for Pasteurellosis ?

A

Antibiotics
NSAIDS
Supportive treatment
Very unlikely to be successful
Prognosis poor

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8
Q

Prevention for Pasteurellosis?

A

Avoiding known stressors-managing concurrent
diseases, nutritional problems and transportation
Vaccination
Prophylactic antibiotics for lambs??

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9
Q

List the types of Clostirial perfringens and what they do?

A

Type B -> Lamb dysentery/ enterotox type B in lambs - neonatal
type C -> haemorrhagi enteritis/ enterotox type C
Type D -> enterotoxaemia type D/pulp kidney disease

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10
Q

What are the different strains of clostridial dx?

A

tetani, novyi, chauvei

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11
Q

Descirbe type D/ Pulpy kidney?

A

Very common in UK
Well conditioned fast growing animals
Ingestion of high amounts of feed or milk
Overgrowth of C.perfringens producing
toxin
Episilon toxin

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12
Q

CLs of Pulpy kidney?

A
  • Incoordination, seizures, D+ sudden death
  • ask for history of vaccines
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13
Q

Diagnosis of pefrfringens D?

A

PME - hyperaemic ffoci on intestines, fluid filled pericardial sac, rapid autolysis of kidney??

Intestinal contents - toxin identification

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14
Q

Tx & Px ?

A

Tx: none
Px: vaccine
4-10 week old lambs in unvaccinated ewes
6month + when lambs not had booster vaccine

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15
Q

What important UK species of parasitic gastroenteritis in lambs?

A

Teladorsagia (Abomasum)
Trichostrongylus (Small intestine)
Nematodirrus (Small intestine)
Haemonchus (Abomasum)
(Moniezia)

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16
Q

Age immunity - parasitic gastroE?

A

CLS typically 2 months -1 y
- No age immunity to Haemonchus
- Clinical dx in adult sheep with high challenge

17
Q

when do these parasites appear?

18
Q

Lifecycle of Nematodirus battus?

A

Large, easily distinguished eggs
L3 overwinter on pasture
Temp > 10⁰C after cold period → mass hatching
Lamb to lamb disease

19
Q

CLs (lambs only) PGE?

A

Severe diarrhoea + dehydration +/- death
Loss of bloom & weight loss
Often precede rising FECs

20
Q

Lifecycle of Teladorsagia, Trichostrongylus, N Filicollis ?

A

Re-activation of L4 → Periparturient FEC rise
Temp dependant development to L3 (2wk – 4m)
Ewe to lamb and lamb to disease
‘Telescoping’ of larval development

21
Q

CLS of PGE? (Teladorsagia, Trichostrongylus, N Filicollis )

A

Chronic diarrhoea
Unthriftiness
Subclinical parasitism → poor growth

22
Q

Lifecycle of Haemonchosis ?

A

High fecundity
Warm humid weather → rapid development to L3
Ewe to lamb and lamb to lamb disease

23
Q

CLs of Haemonchosis (PGE)?

A

Associated with blood feeding
- anaemia
- Hypoproteinaemia +/- submandibular oedema
- Loss of condition +/- death
- NO D+

Rapidly develops resistance

24
Q

Approach to PGE?

A

CLS & presentation
FEC
PME & worm counts

25
Tx for PGE?
Narrow spectrum anthelmintics (e.g. Closantel) Combination anthemintics (‘Fluke and worm’) Multiple active anthelmintics (e.g. Startect) Activity against hypobiotic larvae Activity against cestodes (tapeworms) Persistent / Residual activity
26
SCOPS ?
Sustainable control of Parasites in Sheep
27
What does SCOPS evaluate?
- Short term efficacy of control vs long-term prevention of resistance development - Subclin dx -> reduced growth rates
28
SCOPE Principles?
1. Establish a parasite ontrol strategy with your vet 2. Avoid introducing resistant worms (quarantine tx, house in concrete for 24hrs, move to contaminated pasture) 3. Annual test for anthelmintic resistance 4. Admin anthelmintics effectively 5. use anthelmintics only when necessary 6. Selecting the appropriate anthelmintic +7. Preserve susceptible worm population 8. Reduce dependence eon anthelmintics
29
Cobalt function?
Produciton of vit B12
30
Cobalt Risk factors?
Uncontrolled / Concurrent PGE Low soil content (acid igneous rocks / coarse sand) Depletion due to pasture management (e.g. excessive liming / reseeding)
31
CLS ofr Cobalt deficiency?
Ill-thrift (‘Pine’) Loss of appetite Poor growth → weight loss → emaciation Poor quality, open fleece Tight skin, scaling of the ear margin Pale mucus membranes d/t anaemia Lachrymation
32
Subclin cobalt deficiency?
Poor growth rates Inc severity of PGE
33
Cobalt Diagnosis ?
History & geography - CLS presentation - Response to tx - Lab testing
34
Tx & prevention of cobalt def?
Cobalt boluses & drenches Inclusion in creep feed Injection of Vitamin B12 Application to grazing land