Pigs 4- Weaning to Finish Flashcards

1
Q

What happens at weaning?

A
  • Take piglets off sow and size batch into weaner housing
  • Weaning age 28 days unless weaned into
    appropriate housing then 21 days
  • May batch by size, sex or both
  • Group sows together at weaning
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2
Q

Targets for weaning ?

A

◦ 5% mortality post weaning to finish
◦ >700g per day growth rate
◦ 12mm P2

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3
Q

Vaccinations at weaning ? most common?

A

◦ Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae - EP
◦ Porcine circovirus - PCV-2

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4
Q

What other vaccinations can be given ?

A

◦ Glasserella parasuis - Glassers Disease
◦ Strep. suis
◦ PRRS
◦ (Erysipelas)

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5
Q

What oral vaccines?

A
  • Ileitis
  • Salmonella
  • E.coli
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6
Q

Describe Weaned pig?

A
  • Keep warm, dry, good airflow
  • Good weaning weights
  • Good feed intake & easy access to water
    -> one drinking point per 30 pigs if ad lib food
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7
Q

Weaner bungalow?

A
  • Insulated lid pulls back over dunging area to give access
  • Feed just inside lid
  • Subdivide pen in cold weather or low numbers weaned
  • Need dunging area equal to lying area
    otherwise risk of pigs ‘reverse mucking’ and
    going dirty
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8
Q

Describe growth after weaning

A

Feed efficiency declines with age
Lost lean growth at this stage will not be
regained later
Capacity for lean growth declines with age
◦ “middle aged spread”
Massive growth can lead to physiological stress

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9
Q

Small weaners?

A
  • Produce less heat - need higher temps
  • Eat less food - need better diets
  • Prone to dx
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10
Q

T/F develoment of unevenness post weaning is probably the most expensive

A

True

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11
Q

Why might we get development of unevenness?

A
  • Over Crowding
  • Poor hygiene
  • Cold
  • Incorrect ration
  • Poor ventilation
  • Not enough feed space (or not being refilled frequently)
    -Disease
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12
Q

What diseases do we see at this stage?

A
  • Enteric disorders
  • Mulberry heart
  • Respiratory distress
  • Meningitis
  • Skin disorders, erysipelas
  • Lameness
  • Vice
  • Management factors
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13
Q

How do we identifying a sick pig?

A

Social interactions
Eating / drinking
Scour
Skin colour / wounds
Respiration rate
Stomach fill
Lameness
Warmth seeking
Behaviour
Posture
Perineal soiling
Swollen joints / navel

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14
Q

How to monitor?

A

Look and listen and smell, i.e. a basic clinical appraisal.
◦ Look – at uneven sizes, lameness, skin disorders
◦ Listen – for coughing, sneezing, squealing
◦ Smell - poor ventilation, pens not been washed, waste food, scouring

Also: PM, Serology, abattoir monitoring, env monitoring

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15
Q

PME?

A

METHOD IS KEY
Useful, may be diagnostic
May indicate further investigation needed
NEED TO KNOW WHAT NORMAL LOOKS LIKE
FIRST
Be aware of the possibility for concurrent
infections and multisystemic syndromes

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16
Q

What serology is currently monitored?

A

PRRS
EP
Ileitis
Swine Influenza (paired samples)

17
Q

Describe blood sampling in pigs?

A

DO NOT take blood from the ear…..
Jugular vein is much better

18
Q

HOW TO blood sample?

A

Hold pig with snout wire
◦ Head well up
◦ Body in straight line

Needle into jugular furrow
◦ one third distance sternum to chin
◦ perpendicular to skin
◦ aspirate

Can also take blood swabs for some tests
Puncture the edge of an ear vein with a 20g
needle
Soak a rayon swab in the blood
(soak in 1-2ml PBS)

19
Q

What gets monitored & recorded in abattoir ?

A

Pneumonia
Pleurisy
Pericarditis
Peritonitis
Milk spot
Skin rash (mange)

20
Q

What enteric disorders post weaning?

A

Ileitis
E.coli (Bowel Oedema)
PCV2-AD
PED
Salmonella
Colitis
PMWS
Swine dysentery / Brachyspira spp

21
Q

Describe post weaning D+

A

Typically 7-10 days post weaning
**E.Coli **
Salmonella
PCV2

22
Q

Describe E.Coli as cause fo post weaning D+ ?

A

◦ Good piglets growing well
◦ Squeaky squeal, puffy eyes
◦ Sudden deaths

23
Q

what should you do in cases fo post weaning D+

A

Take swabs from untreated pigs for bacteriology and AM sensitivty

24
Q

What to do for Post-weaning D+ ?

A
  • Dietary manipulation - reduce fermentation rates where bowel oedema seen
  • Maintain even feed intakes - don’t let pigs run out of food then gorge themselves
  • MEals vs pellets )> pigs eat meals more slowly
  • 2500ppm zinc oxide in ration
  • Soil into pen
  • Abs
  • Vacc if E.coli typed
25
Describe Mulberry Heart
Sudden deaths Rapidly growing pigs Vitamin E deficiency Enlarged heart with excess pericardial fluid Enlarged liver Fibrin tags in abdomen Increase vitamin E levels in feed
26
Describe PMWS
Porcine circovirus type 2 – first seen in 1999 in UK Massive losses initially, up to 30% post weaning mortality Typically occurs 3-4 weeks after weaning Pigs weaned in good condition start to lose weight, then yellow scour, then death No useful treatment – nursing / symptomatic care
27
What typical PM signs of PMWS?
Massive haemorrhage and oedema of mesenteric + inguinal lymph nodes Yellow scour in colon Enlarged spleen + liver Lung congestion (hence sometimes increased coughing) ‘turkey egg*’ kidney – enlarged and mottled – (*ASF)
28
PMWS kidneys?
probably best PM sign Not all pigs show all PM signs, so need to PM several Can get sudden deaths in older pigs in good condition, eg 50kg plus, from PMWS, with only kidney lesions
29
What is PDNS?
Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome
30
Describe PDNS
Massive dark black skin lesions*, especially over scrotal area Most affected pigs die Ear tips may drop off *ASF
31
PMWS & PDNS Control?
Now endemic - most herds are infected PCV2 vaccination of piglet ◦ most common ◦ Circoflex (most successful vaccine ever!) Vaccination of sows possible, although most vaccinate weaners Vaccination of breeding gilts