Integrated Parasite Management Flashcards
What are the main categories of worms we should think about in cows?
- Gut worms
- Lungworm
- Liver fluke
- Ectoparasites
How long for immuity to develop for different parasites?
What about immunity for ‘gutworm’?
When is the at risk season for each worm?
What are the three groups of anthelmintics available ?
Describe the use of drenches?
Extremely cheap
Only active on day of administration, so arguably better for reduced impact in resistance and environment
But harder to administer to cattle, so much less favoured
LEV has been hard to source recently
Describe ‘pour ons’
Pour ons - super easy/convenient/Extremely cheap
Thus very popular – maybe 50% cattle farms use as sole
GIN/lungworm control (1 or repeated applications through season)
Poor in terms of absorption and especially in dose rate because
cows lick of each others back – high variations
Persistent so good for longer control, but will also generate
resistance more than a shorter acting product
Significant impact on invertebrates / env
Describe “season control” options?
- Commonly used
- Simple/Quick/Cost more than drenches
- BUT - Irresponsibly/ Inappropriately used in most cases (IMO) * Larger risk of resistance & negative env impact
Is there resistance to lungworm?
- Dogma says there is none – but reports of suspicions keep coming
- PLEASE conduct drench tests (FECRT) and
REPORT to the VMD. Funding should be
available to investigate SLEE (suspected lack expected efficacy)
What environmental concerns of wormers?
For MLs & synthetic Pyrethroids => both knock out important part so fweb ESP DUNG BEETLES
Why is durng important?
- Providing natural fertility* Basis for good biodiversity
- Good soil health
- Awesome insect / biodiversity generator (circa 1000 insects per pat) Let’s not solely focus on carbon – cows outside are good
What are the benefits of dung beetles?
T/F DUNG BEETLES REDUCE PARASITIC WORM BURDENS?
True ! reduce infective GI worm son pasture by 30%
What key prevention aspects of IPM?
- Grazing management
- Vaccination
- Alternative approaches eg biological controls
- Nutrition
- Breeding
What key diagnostics for IPM?
- Faeces: WEC & FEC. Fluke ag. Pooled and individual.
- Bloods: Fluke ab pooled and individual. Pepsinogens at housing for ostertagia info. Lungworm ab.
- Snap tests: lateral flow for fluke becoming available this year
- Bulk milk: Ab
- Abattoir info
- Stockmanship
Describe diagnostics & methods of assessment?
WHEN TO TREAT?
Why might we put adults & mixed species togetehr?
Parasite hoovers
- Adults shoudl be immune & destroy laods of infective larvae
- Sheep will destroy cattle parasite and vice versa
- NOT true for Fluke & Haemonchus!!!
describe Mob grazing?
- Long length grass
- Long duration of rest breaks lifecycle
- Diversity is key- condensed tannins
Benefits of IPM to vets?
- Increased relevance &
touch points with clients - Engagement
- Product Sales
- Fee generation
- Opens door to novel
services and sustainable solutions (regeneratitive)
Benefits of IPM to farmers?
- No negative health events
- Anecdotally vaccinated heifers outperformed blanket treated
- Better TEC & resilience
Huge reduction in anthelmintic use is associated with reudcitons in:
- Resistance risk
- Anthelmintic spend
- Time to gather/treat stock
- Positive feel good factor
