Anaesthesia & euthanasia (Pigs 7) Flashcards

1
Q

What uses of Anaesthesia ?

A

▪Surgery – e.g. vasectomy, castration
▪Management procedures – foot trimming,
detusking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Uses of sedation?

A

▪To limit savaging at farrowing
▪To prevent fighting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What products available for anaesthesia/sedation?

A

Azaperone
Ketamine
Butorphanol
Meloxicam
Xylazine
Alcohol….

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What licensed products for chemical restraints?

A
  • Stresnil (Azaperone) -> CIs for boars & Vietnamese Pot Bellied pigs 0.2-2mg/kg
  • Ketamidor (Ketamine) 15-20 mg/kg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What methods for humane killing?

A
  • Blunt force trauma
  • Mechanical
  • Chemical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe blunt force trauma as an option ?

A

currently under review -> neonates only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe mechanical euthanasia?

A

◦ Captive bolt + secondary action (pithing/bleeding)
◦ Shotgun, rifle or humane killer (requires appropriate license/certificate)
◦ Can be carried out by a veterinary surgeon or a licensed slaughter man

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chemical humane killing?

A

◦ Pentobarbital sodium (0.7ml/kg rapid IV)± prior sedation
◦ Veterinary surgeon only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe use of firearms ?

A

-> Free bullet or shotgun
-> Captive- bolt equipment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe free bullet or shotgut use?

A

❑Licensing requirements
❑Health and safety issues
❑Aesthetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe captive-bolt equipment

A

❑Secondary operation required to kill animals – pithing or bleeding out
❑Induces prolonged periods of random kicking
❑Aesthetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pros/ cons of mechanical methods?

A

Quick
Limited stress
+++ agonal movement
Owners not always receptive
Can appear violent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are stunners?

A

Cartridge or air-powered equipment, in which a metal bolt is projected at high speed through and aperture in the muzzle end of the barrel. The bolt does not leave the barrel completely, but is retained and may be returned to its prefiring position.
Must be backed up by destruction of the brain stem (pithing) or bleeding
Restraint usually necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ho to aim with captive bolt gun?

A

Captive bolt in contact with head
Shotgun, rifle, humane killer ~ 6” or more
away from head
Correct target
Aim for tail not base of jaw
Remember to pith or bleed if required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does bolt gun work?

A

▪The bolt impacts on the skull
▪Transfer of energy from the bolt to the skull
▪ Acceleration of the head causing the brain within to be jolted and ‘bounced around’ inside
▪ Massive, sudden increase of pressure in the skull, followed immediately by a decrease of equal
magnitude
▪Net result is total brain dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What physical signs of an effective stun?

A

▪Animal collapses immediately and stops breathing
▪Front legs and neck extended with hind legs flexed into the lower abdomen
▪A fixed glazed expression in the eyes
▪No corneal reflex
▪Relaxed lower jaw with tongue hanging out

17
Q

What is the foremost sign of a return to consciousness?

A

Is a resumption of rhythmic breathing

18
Q

How to tell stun has been ineffective?

A

animal continues to breathe immediately post-stun

19
Q

Secondary measure after stun?

A

▪Bleed out – via a cut across the jugular vein
▪ Consider size of pig, and how easy it is to do this
▪ Very sharp and long blade required
▪ Messy
▪Pithing – using a rod, long screwdriver to similar to destroy the brainstem

20
Q

YOu need to wait until….

A

pig has stopped kicking

21
Q

what to consider with other firearms?

A

▪ Size and age of animal
▪ Location
▪ Accessibility of the target area
▪ Presence of onlookers
▪ What is safe (and legal)
▪ Operator competence

22
Q

What venous access for chemical euthanasia?

A

◦ Cephalic, saphenous and auricular difficult
◦ Jugular and mammary possible

23
Q

How to immobilise before phenobarb?

A

Snare or previous sedation

24
Q

What is a good success method for chemical euthanasia?

A

Intra-cardiac bolus following heavy sedation

25
How to do a cardiac bolus?
◦ Lateral recumbancy ◦ Point of elbow ◦ Feel/listen for heartbeat ◦ Between ribs ◦ 18-19g, 2 inch needle or spinal needle ◦ MUST BE HEAVILY SEDATED
26
BLunt trauma is only suitable for?
Small piglets
27
how to use blunt force for euthanasia?
Can be either manual or mechanical Manual blows must be done with absolute force and confidence Can also use a ‘priest’ or implement
28
Compare & contrast methods?