Deer Flashcards
1
Q
What are the native deer species in UK?
A
- Red
- Fallow
- Roe
2
Q
What invasive species?
A
- Sika
- Muntjac
- Chinese Water Deer
3
Q
Domesticated Species?
A
- Reindeer
- ‘Red’
4
Q
Red Deer?
A
Cervus elaphus
Largest UK species
Only widely farmed species
Wild, park, farm
Normal and ‘white’ reds (leukistic)
5
Q
What kind of breeder are red deer?
A
Seasonal breeders
6
Q
Fallow Deer name?
A
Dama Dama
7
Q
Describe Fallow Deer?
A
- very few farms
- Common in deer parks
- Commo,n in the wild
8
Q
Fallow deer what breeders?
A
seasonal breeders
9
Q
What kind of animals in fallow deer?
A
- Palmated antlers
- FOur colouts - common, menil, leukistic, melanistic
10
Q
Temperament fallow deer?
A
Fractious, nervous, herd species
11
Q
Roe deer - name?
A
Capreolus capreolus
12
Q
Describe Roe deer ?
A
- WIld deer only
- None specifically in deer parks
- Smaller deer species
13
Q
Reprod/ bhvr roe deer?
A
- Seasonal breeders (long day)
- Solitary bery small groups
- 11 mth gestation - delayed implantation
14
Q
Sika deer name?
A
Cervus nippon
15
Q
Describe sika deer?
A
- Peesent in parks and some areas wild
- Similar genetics to red deer
- Smaller stature
- Variety subsp
- Hybrid between reds and sika
16
Q
Name of Muntjac deer?
A
Muntiacus reevesii
17
Q
Muntjac?
A
- Small
- All year round breeders
- INVASIVE
- Illegal to release
- Small antlers
18
Q
Chinese Water Deer name?
A
Hydropotes inermis
19
Q
Chinese Water Deer describe
A
- Small - Slowly increasing range - No antlers, fangs
- Invasive species
20
Q
Reindeer name?
A
Rangifer tarandus
21
Q
Describe Reindeer?
A
- Domesticated in UK
- exhibition & pet groups most common
- Caringorm herd
- Males commonly catsrated
- Females and males grow antlers
22
Q
Deer bhvr in general?
A
- PRey species
- Very new to domestication
- Heavily seasonal aggression
- Will fight if pushed
- Un like any other species to read
- Bullying
23
Q
Describe Deer Antlers?
A
- Testosterone. androgen dependant
- Annual growth
- Velvet and pedicle growth planes
- CLeaning
- Casting
- Damage & injuries
24
Q
Deer farms?
A
- Almost exclusively red deer
- Only venison production in EU
- NZ velvet industry
- Regularly handled
- Must go through abbatoir
25
Describe Deer Farm Facilities.
* Handling facilities to accommodate for danger
* Stags and hinds both risky to handle
* Designed around animal behaviour and safety
* Boards, doors and crush
* Hydraulic squeeze crush
* Manual squeeze crush
* Drop floor crush
26
Describe deer farm management?
* Animals routinely tagged
* De-antlering of stags
* Weaning
* Weighing
* Vaccination
* Scanning
* Trace element supplementation
* Medication and treatments
27
what common conditions in deer farms?
- PGE
- Lungworm
- Copper deficiency
- Bovine TB
- Pasteurella
- Yersinoisis
- Cryptosporidium
28
What are deer parks?
* Enclosure containing managed deer that are not routinely handled
* Deer within bounds are “wild”
* No set legal definition
* Venison only through Approved Game Handling Establishments
* Management by rifle
29
Deer Park facilities?
* Wide variety
* Game larders
* Feeding arrangements
* Some have handling facilities
* Deer leaps
30
Deer Park Management?
* Hands off
* Culling
* Deer counts
* Cull plans
* Calving/fawning
* Generally no routine antler removal
* “Au Natural”
* Sometimes supplementary feeding
* No medication
31
Der park common conditions?
* Often related to stocking density
* Lungworm
* Cryptosporidium
* Clostridial disease
* Toxicities
* Dystocia
* Tangling/snaring injuries
32
Wild deer - likely exposure?
* Injury
* Road traffic accidents
* Orphaned deer
* Euthanasia
* Be aware of legislation and law
* Consider stress of animal
* Consider risk to staff members and facilities
33
Orphaned deer ?
Species specific
* Releasing criteria
* Rehabilitation centres
* Castration or euthanasia of males
* Behaviour during the rut
* Ewes’ milk or goats’ milk
* Consider colostrum status
* Co-morbidities
* Difficult
34
Zoo collections?
- Reprod assistance/ contraception
- Injury
-Routine health checks
- wOrking with larger team
35
Reindeer main points?
- Often kept as pets
- Domesticated
- Tend to be gentle
-Import currently banned from EU
- Expensive
- Winter/ Christmas showing
36
Reindeer management?
* Managed as “exotic” farm species
* Vaccinations
* Castration
* Foot trimming
* De-antlering
* Careful with feeding and husbandry
37
Describe antler cycle?
38
Antler problems -catsration?
- Require annual de-antlering
- Perruques
- Antler warts
- Broken antlers
- Pedicle infections
- Hormone therapy
39
Common Reindeer Conditions?
- PGE
- Nutritional scouring
- MCF (ovine / caprine herpesvirus)
- Trace element deficiencies
- Lameness/ foot problems
- Illthrift
- Clostridial disease
- Pasteurellosis
40
What is all the legislation surrounding reindeers?
- Vet surgeons act 196
- Deer act 1991
- Animal welfare 2006
- * The Welfare of Animals (Transport) (England) Order 2006
* The Tuberculosis in Animals (England) Order 2021
* Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976 – Alces or Rangifer
41
describe reindeer under vet surgeons act?
* The following are acts of veterinary surgery:
* “the removal (otherwise than in an emergency for the purpose of saving life or relieving pain
or suffering) of any part of the antlers of a deer before the velvet of the antlers is frayed and
the greater part of it has been shed”
* Intramuscular injections of non-farmed deer (Schedule 3)
42
Describe Deer Act 1991?
Governs permissions and offences of wild deer (and park deer)
43
Describe Immobilisation & darting of reindeers?
- Heavily controlled under firearms regulations – section 5 firearm
- Difficult skill –
- Legal rQs
- Team job
44
Darting legislation?
* Non vets may not legally dart ‘wild’ deer
* Must be under veterinary surgeon’s care
* ‘Stupefying drugs’ cannot be used to capture ‘wild’ deer without
licence from Natural England
* Long turnaround
* Medicines used often have no MRL
* EU 2010/63
45
Protocols for darting?
* Species dependent
* Purpose dependent
* Anxiety levels dependent
* Time of year dependent
* Environment dependent
* Operator experience dependent
* Food producing animal status dependent
46
Bovine tuberculosis
* Deer can contract bTB
* Deer can spread bTB
* APHA spillover host
* Deer establishments can be subject to statutory surveillanc
47
TB testing?
* Skin testing
* Blood testing
* Post mortem identification
* Development of new protocols
48
What notifiable reindeer ridseases?
* Bovine tuberculosis (bTB)
* Foot and Mouth Disease
* Bluetongue
* Epizootic haemorrhagic virus
* (Chronic Wasting Disease)
49
Describe Chronic Wasting Disease?
* TSE found in North American and Scandinavia
* Highly contagious – all secretions + tissue
* Fatal
* Non zoonotic
* Reason for import ban of Cervidae and strict controls on import of
products of animal original from Scandinavia
* Not currently identified in the UK
