Deer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the native deer species in UK?

A
  • Red
  • Fallow
  • Roe
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2
Q

What invasive species?

A
  • Sika
  • Muntjac
  • Chinese Water Deer
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3
Q

Domesticated Species?

A
  • Reindeer
  • ‘Red’
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4
Q

Red Deer?

A

Cervus elaphus
Largest UK species
Only widely farmed species
Wild, park, farm
Normal and ‘white’ reds (leukistic)

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5
Q

What kind of breeder are red deer?

A

Seasonal breeders

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6
Q

Fallow Deer name?

A

Dama Dama

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7
Q

Describe Fallow Deer?

A
  • very few farms
  • Common in deer parks
  • Commo,n in the wild
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8
Q

Fallow deer what breeders?

A

seasonal breeders

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9
Q

What kind of animals in fallow deer?

A
  • Palmated antlers
  • FOur colouts - common, menil, leukistic, melanistic
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10
Q

Temperament fallow deer?

A

Fractious, nervous, herd species

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11
Q

Roe deer - name?

A

Capreolus capreolus

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12
Q

Describe Roe deer ?

A
  • WIld deer only
  • None specifically in deer parks
  • Smaller deer species
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13
Q

Reprod/ bhvr roe deer?

A
  • Seasonal breeders (long day)
  • Solitary bery small groups
  • 11 mth gestation - delayed implantation
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14
Q

Sika deer name?

A

Cervus nippon

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15
Q

Describe sika deer?

A
  • Peesent in parks and some areas wild
  • Similar genetics to red deer
  • Smaller stature
  • Variety subsp
  • Hybrid between reds and sika
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16
Q

Name of Muntjac deer?

A

Muntiacus reevesii

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17
Q

Muntjac?

A
  • Small
  • All year round breeders
  • INVASIVE
  • Illegal to release
  • Small antlers
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18
Q

Chinese Water Deer name?

A

Hydropotes inermis

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19
Q

Chinese Water Deer describe

A
  • Small - Slowly increasing range - No antlers, fangs
  • Invasive species
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20
Q

Reindeer name?

A

Rangifer tarandus

21
Q

Describe Reindeer?

A
  • Domesticated in UK
  • exhibition & pet groups most common
  • Caringorm herd
  • Males commonly catsrated
  • Females and males grow antlers
22
Q

Deer bhvr in general?

A
  • PRey species
  • Very new to domestication
  • Heavily seasonal aggression
  • Will fight if pushed
  • Un like any other species to read
  • Bullying
23
Q

Describe Deer Antlers?

A
  • Testosterone. androgen dependant
  • Annual growth
  • Velvet and pedicle growth planes
  • CLeaning
  • Casting
  • Damage & injuries
24
Q

Deer farms?

A
  • Almost exclusively red deer
  • Only venison production in EU
  • NZ velvet industry
  • Regularly handled
  • Must go through abbatoir
25
Describe Deer Farm Facilities.
* Handling facilities to accommodate for danger * Stags and hinds both risky to handle * Designed around animal behaviour and safety * Boards, doors and crush * Hydraulic squeeze crush * Manual squeeze crush * Drop floor crush
26
Describe deer farm management?
* Animals routinely tagged * De-antlering of stags * Weaning * Weighing * Vaccination * Scanning * Trace element supplementation * Medication and treatments
27
what common conditions in deer farms?
- PGE - Lungworm - Copper deficiency - Bovine TB - Pasteurella - Yersinoisis - Cryptosporidium
28
What are deer parks?
* Enclosure containing managed deer that are not routinely handled * Deer within bounds are “wild” * No set legal definition * Venison only through Approved Game Handling Establishments * Management by rifle
29
Deer Park facilities?
* Wide variety * Game larders * Feeding arrangements * Some have handling facilities * Deer leaps
30
Deer Park Management?
* Hands off * Culling * Deer counts * Cull plans * Calving/fawning * Generally no routine antler removal * “Au Natural” * Sometimes supplementary feeding * No medication
31
Der park common conditions?
* Often related to stocking density * Lungworm * Cryptosporidium * Clostridial disease * Toxicities * Dystocia * Tangling/snaring injuries
32
Wild deer - likely exposure?
* Injury * Road traffic accidents * Orphaned deer * Euthanasia * Be aware of legislation and law * Consider stress of animal * Consider risk to staff members and facilities
33
Orphaned deer ?
Species specific * Releasing criteria * Rehabilitation centres * Castration or euthanasia of males * Behaviour during the rut * Ewes’ milk or goats’ milk * Consider colostrum status * Co-morbidities * Difficult
34
Zoo collections?
- Reprod assistance/ contraception - Injury -Routine health checks - wOrking with larger team
35
Reindeer main points?
- Often kept as pets - Domesticated - Tend to be gentle -Import currently banned from EU - Expensive - Winter/ Christmas showing
36
Reindeer management?
* Managed as “exotic” farm species * Vaccinations * Castration * Foot trimming * De-antlering * Careful with feeding and husbandry
37
Describe antler cycle?
38
Antler problems -catsration?
- Require annual de-antlering - Perruques - Antler warts - Broken antlers - Pedicle infections - Hormone therapy
39
Common Reindeer Conditions?
- PGE - Nutritional scouring - MCF (ovine / caprine herpesvirus) - Trace element deficiencies - Lameness/ foot problems - Illthrift - Clostridial disease - Pasteurellosis
40
What is all the legislation surrounding reindeers?
- Vet surgeons act 196 - Deer act 1991 - Animal welfare 2006 - * The Welfare of Animals (Transport) (England) Order 2006 * The Tuberculosis in Animals (England) Order 2021 * Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976 – Alces or Rangifer
41
describe reindeer under vet surgeons act?
* The following are acts of veterinary surgery: * “the removal (otherwise than in an emergency for the purpose of saving life or relieving pain or suffering) of any part of the antlers of a deer before the velvet of the antlers is frayed and the greater part of it has been shed” * Intramuscular injections of non-farmed deer (Schedule 3)
42
Describe Deer Act 1991?
Governs permissions and offences of wild deer (and park deer)
43
Describe Immobilisation & darting of reindeers?
- Heavily controlled under firearms regulations – section 5 firearm - Difficult skill – - Legal rQs - Team job
44
Darting legislation?
* Non vets may not legally dart ‘wild’ deer * Must be under veterinary surgeon’s care * ‘Stupefying drugs’ cannot be used to capture ‘wild’ deer without licence from Natural England * Long turnaround * Medicines used often have no MRL * EU 2010/63
45
Protocols for darting?
* Species dependent * Purpose dependent * Anxiety levels dependent * Time of year dependent * Environment dependent * Operator experience dependent * Food producing animal status dependent
46
Bovine tuberculosis
* Deer can contract bTB * Deer can spread bTB * APHA spillover host * Deer establishments can be subject to statutory surveillanc
47
TB testing?
* Skin testing * Blood testing * Post mortem identification * Development of new protocols
48
What notifiable reindeer ridseases?
* Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) * Foot and Mouth Disease * Bluetongue * Epizootic haemorrhagic virus * (Chronic Wasting Disease)
49
Describe Chronic Wasting Disease?
* TSE found in North American and Scandinavia * Highly contagious – all secretions + tissue * Fatal * Non zoonotic * Reason for import ban of Cervidae and strict controls on import of products of animal original from Scandinavia * Not currently identified in the UK