Goat Medicine 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Body condition scoring in Goat Medicine?

A
  • Lumbar and Sternal Scoring
  • Average or double figure
  • Fat deposits not in same place as sheep
  • Don’t compare to sheep BCS
  • Practice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe using Local anesthetic in Goats?

A
  • Very susceptible to local
  • Toxic at very small doses
  • If using mix dilute in water for injection
  • 5mg/ml Lidocaine (apply to procaine) dose = 30kg goat = 1.5ml 50mg/ml adrenacaine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Goat disbudding?

A
  • Legally must be done by a Vet
  • Horn growth rapid - disbud b/ 2-7 days
  • Not the same as disbudding a calf
  • Local anesthetics not well tolerated -> low toxic dose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What to be careful when disbudding?

A

Very thin skull - easy to fracture skull-easy to cook brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Should we deHORN?

A

NO avoid!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does pseudopreg look like in goats?

A

Abdominal Enlargement.
Udder development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

physiological false preg in goat?

A

Associated with persistent CL.
Prostaglandin 2 doses 12 days apart of Lutalyse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PGE in goat?

A
  • Limited immunity with age
  • Differ from sheep
  • Worming treatments needed throughout life
  • Housing is usually necessary for large herds
  • Limited grazing with many holdings/farms
  • Limited licenced anthelmintics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

monitoring for parasites?

A

REGULAR FAECAL EGG COUNTING AND
MONITORING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why do we get PGE

A
  • Lack of available grazing
  • Lack of ability to rotate pasture
  • Significant egg numbers excreted
  • Pasture ends up with very high burdens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which aetiologies to PGE?

A

Teladorsagia (Abomasum)
Trichostrongylus (Small intestine)
Nematodirrus (Small intestine)
Haemonchus (Abomasum)
(Moniezia)
Fluke- Fasciola Heptacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How to avoid Parasitic gastroenteritis?

A

Avoid co-grazing with sheep and camelids
- need goat-specific health plans as parasites/host interaction different

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe Haemonchus Contortus

A
  • Late summer
  • No D+
  • Anaemia
  • Hypoproteinaemia - bottle jaw
  • Listessness
  • Death
  • More susceptible than sheep?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe Fluke?

A
  • Not common
  • Needs to be on DDX list as possible
  • Acute & chronic fluke poss
  • Dx on Hx and CE?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acute Fluke?

A

= sudden death from pre-patent fluke through the liver
* Diagnosis on PM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chronic Fluke?

A

= adult fluke in liver causing weight loss/ poor
performance
* Diagnosed with FEC- sediment test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Use of FLukicides yes or no?

A

Can be toxic & fatal - use sheep dose DO NOT INC DOSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe Eprinex or Epricis?

A
  • Licenced product
  • Eprinex=Pour on product
  • Epricis=Injectable
  • Should we be using other products too?
  • Nil milk withhold
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Oral anthelmintics vs injectables?

A

Oral anthelmintics perform better that injectables and pour ons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anthelmintic dose rates?

A
  • Goat dose different to sheep dose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Correct use

A
  • Education of owners on wormer groups
  • Education on owners of the application and storage of
    products
  • In date drugs?
  • Naïve livestock keepers?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

SCOPS principles?

A
  • Dose to heaviest weight not average weight
  • Correct calculations for dosage made
  • Accurate weights!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What infectious dx does CAE stand for?

A

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

CAE (/Maedi Visna) Signs?

A
  • Lameness
  • Swollen joints -> Carpal joint
  • Weight loss
  • Reduced milk production -> One side of udder fibrosed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Source of infection of CAE?
26
CAE diagnosis?
* Serology- Antibodies * Antibody +ve= Viraemia * Clinical cases = Antibody +ve * Serology can be used for screening -> False negatives in kids <6 months
27
CAE slow or fast?
* Slow, insidious, can infect herd with very little/ no clinical signs for years * Chronically infected. Cannot clear virus
28
TX for CAE?
No treatment No vaccine Test (serology) and cull
29
Johnes name?
Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis
30
Johne's signs?
- wasting - Anaemia - Poor milk yields - Faeces unchanged until very late stages
31
Diagnosis same as cattle?
yes Faeces- Culture OR PCR PME- Gross features and Histopathology Serology- ELISA- beware of negative result
32
Johnes pathoG?
33
Johne's colostrum management?
Avoid feeding pooled colostrum or milk to kids Snatch kids and rear separately=Avoid feeding colostrum from known positive animals to their own kid
34
Hygiene for Johne's ?
Clean feeding environment Isolate known positives around kidding time as more likely to shed
35
Culling policy for Johne's?
Culling antibody positive animals- difficult with pet animals if clinical signs are not a welfare issue
36
Vaccination for Johne's?
not available in UK but licensed in goats and possible to import
37
What is Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA)?
C O R Y N E B A C T E R I U M P S E U D O T U B E R C U L O S I S
38
Describe what CLA is in goats?
* Increasing incidence in older animals * Swollen pus-filled abscess at site of superficial lymph nodes * Also affect lymph nodes of internal organs
39
Source of infection in CLA?
* Directly sheep to sheep * Borrowed equipment * Shearing equipment/shearing wounds
40
Diagnosis for CLA?
* Culture of the pus (need the very middle of abscess) * Serology -> Late stages serology can be falsely negative
41
Tx for CLA?
* Culling of +ve animals? * Usually unsuccessful due to intracellular bacteria within the abscess * Lancing and flushing?
42
What diseases of poor husbandry?
- Bloat/ acidosis - Metabolic dx - Urolithiasis
43
Describe Acute ruminal acidosis?
* Free gas bloat or frothy bloat * Sudden onset- getting into feed, an obstruction to eructation, extended time in right lateral recumbency * Can lead to metabolic acidosis
44
How to manage acute acidosis?
* Deflate goat > Oral deflation > Rumenectomy * Antibiotics * NSAIDs * Supportive care * Transfaunation?
45
Chronic Ruminal Acidosis ?
* Inadequate forage provision-misbalance of microbes * Frothing green discharge, * Hx mild discomfort or distended abdomen that comes and goes, * Poor body condition despite the excess concentrate feeding, on/off diarrhoea * Environment- hay on floor, reluctant to eat forage/grass paddocks only available
46
Tx for chronic bloat?
- Antacids/ educate clients - Antibiotics
47
what nutritional / metabolic dx in goats?
* Rhododendron poisoning * Profuse projectile ruminal contents * Green vomiting and green froth seen round the mouth * Cardiotoxic
48
Tx of nutritional/metabolic diseases?
* Treat cardiotoxic effects. Binds sodium channels -> Causes bradycardia Raise HR with caffeine! * Absorb any more plant within the rumen/encourage it to pass through asap to avoid more digestion * Charcoal/oil?
49
Other TX for rhodoD poisoning?
- Pain releif - NSAIDs, Buscopan - Antibiotics -changes in rumen flora - AND risk of ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA
50
Describe urolithiasis in Goat MEdicine?
* Small calculi develop in the bladder * Young castrated males? Females affected? * Diet is the biggest risk factor to the development of urinal calculi, reduced water intake, urinary stasis and increasing urine pH all risk factors
51
CLS of urolithiasis?
* Straining +++- sometimes difficult for owners to know if straining to urinate or defaecate * Urinating little and often/dribbling/not a full stream seen * Very uncomfortable/painful- ‘colic-like symptoms’ * Dried crystals around prepuce ?? * Rectal examination- pulsating urethra * Often an
52
Why do we see a certain type of stone and which type?
Struvite – phosphate magnesium and ammonium Grain high in phosphate, reduced rumination= less phosphate recycling
53
Medical tx for urolithaisis?
* Buscopan, NSAIDs, increase water intake * Cross your fingers? * Urinary Acidifiers
54
Surgical tx for urolithiasis?
* Remove Urethral Process * Referral surgery * Tube cystotomy - allow urethra and tissues to recover/ stones within the urethra to dissolve * Perineal urethrostomy- New opening made in perineal area if blockage is distal to this. Animal urinates backwards and down like a female * Poor prognosis
55
what main two areas of urolithiais?
- Provide adequate fresh water - Diet
56
What diet components of prevention of urolithiasis?
* High concentrate diets have approx 1:1 calcium/phosphorus – This ratio should be 2:1 * Animals with low forage diet → poorer rumination →reduced saliva production, saliva high in phosphorus → reduced excretion of phos?
57
What other goat diseases?
- C.Perfringens - enterotox - Coccidiosis - Neonatal D+ in kids - Listeriosis - EctoPs - Metabolic dx - Resp dx - TB - Lameness - CODD - Orf
58
Describe C perfringens in goats?
Commensal- trigger factors * Acidosis and overfeeding * Sudden change in diet/husbandry * Concurrent illness/injury ‘stress’
59
What two types of C Perfringens infections?
- Peracute and sudden death - Subacute, profuse mucoid haemorrhagic scour
60
Vaccination against clostridial diseases?
* Multivariant vaccine so covers several clostridial diseases * Regular boosters * 6 monthly * Even more regularly if required
61
Clostridial dx susceptibility in goats?
* Goats only susceptible to a few of clostridial diseases. * Goat immunity= poor * Use lowest valency vaccine without Pasteurella antigen
62
Describe Cocci in goats?
One of the most important diseases of goat kids Immunity is quickly acquired Different species to sheep- no cross transmission Self-infection- i.e infection and multiplication of eggs Risk factors- housed, heavily soiled, damp bedding, heavily stocked pastures
63
Disgns of Cocci in goat?
WL, D+, Anorexia
64
Diagnosis of Cocci?
FEC but discrepancies should be investigated
65
TX for Coccidiosis?
No licenced drugs Deccoquinate in feed, Diclazuril/toltrazuril oral dosing 1-2mg/kg of diclazuril 2-4 weeks old
66
What can cause neonatal D+ in Kids?
E coli Salmonella Rotavirus Cryptosporidia
67
Non infectious neonatal D+ in kids?
Poor feeding protocol Too dilute milk substitute Haphazard feeding pattern Dirty utensils.
68
Listeriosis in goat?
One sided neurological signs * Drooling/hypersalivation * Nystagmus * Dropping ear/asymmetry of face * Pyrexia * Lethargy and inappetence
69
Diagnosis of Listeriosis?
CSF? Pathology/PM - Diagnosis based off on farm history and presentation
70
Listeriosis TX?
Antibiotics- blood brain barrier * Penicillins, oxytetracycline, potentiated sulphonamides * High doses, twice the dose, twice the frequency * NSAIDs * Steroid? * Fluids!! – very dehydrated due to salivary losses * General nursing care
71
What extoparasites are goats prone to?
* Susceptible to mites and lice * Chorioptic mange most common * Scabbing and pruritis lower limbs, around nose/eyes and under the belly * Obvious behaviour- itching * Sarcoptes and Psoroptes also cause mange
72
Other skin conditions?
- Ringworm - Pygmy goat syndrome - keratinisation disorder . non pruritic
73
Most common metabolic dx?
Pregnancy toxaemia: * Overfat doe * Multiple kids * Anorexic, lethargic, neurological signs, recumbency * Reduced rumen space due to kids/lambs
74
Hypocalcaemia?
* Late pregnancy pre-kidding * Immediately post partum- post kidding * Subclinical? Depressed and dull around kidding but non-specific
75
Management of hypoCal?
* Apply sheep management and control of nutrition * Propylene glycol * Calcium S/C * Nutrition 4-6 weeks before kidding * Metabolic profiles
76
What most common cause of Pasteurella ?
- Pasteurella multocida - Manhaemia haemolytica
77
describe pastuerella in goat?
* Acute or subacute. Respiratory signs rather than the septicaemic form as discussed in sheep * Live animals presented with significant respiratory disease * Prognosis guarded * ‘SHOW COUGH’- transportation/stress cause?
78
Lungworm in goats?
not common, exercise intolerance. Non-specific signs
79
Bovine TB in goats?
- Any goats are at risk - No regular testing required unless APHA request it as in an area of uncontrolled bovine TB
80
Lameness causes ?
- Overgrown feet - Foot rot - Trauma - CODD
81
Overgrown feet?
* More so than seen in sheep? Due to wet environments with little hard ground * Can cause significant lameness * Pet animals?
82
Foot rot?
* Fusobacterium nodosus + Fusobacterium necrophoram * Seen in a similar presentation to sheep- infection of interdigital space and underrunning of horn * Less severe cases? Usually scald * Seen in housed goats * Outbreaks seen in housed goats if bedding wet and heavily soiled
83
What other important disease can happen in goats? ORF