WBCs

Question 1

lukemia

Answer 1

excess proliferation of malignant (cancerous) hematopoetic blast cells

Question 2

blast cells:

Answer 2

• can be myeloid or lymphoid
• precursor cells that are immature
• start to accumulate in the bone marrow-> lead to decrease in full mature blood cells
• could be any blood cells
  -cytopoenias - decreased cells

Question 3

cytopoenias

Answer 3

decreased blood cells

Question 4

cytopoenia blood cell examples

Answer 4

RBCs- amaemia
Platelets - easy bruising/longer bleeding
WBC- decreased immunity

Question 5

what happens to the blast cells in cancer

Answer 5

immature/blast cells aka malignent cells spill out into blood, set up home in other structures in the body
common places include: liver, speen, lymph nodes, thymus

Question 6

lymphoid lineage-acute leukemia

Answer 6

acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- rapid proliferation of malignant cancerous lymphoblasts

Question 7

lymphoid lineage-chronic leukemia

Answer 7

chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- slower onset proliferation of further differientated lymphoid blast cells
- mostly precursor cells to B lymphocytes

Question 8

Myeloid lineage-acute leukemia

Answer 8

acute myeloid leukemia
-rapid proliferation of cancerous myeloid blast cells

Question 9

myeloid lineage-chronic leukemia

Answer 9

chronic myeloid leukemia
- slower onset proliferation of further differentiated myeloid blast cells
- mostly pregranulocytes that are affected

Question 10

leukemia signs and symptoms:

Answer 10

anaemia, easy bruising, bleeding, decreased immunity, hepatosplenomegaly (spleen and liver enlarged), Lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes)

Question 11

leukemia treatments

Answer 11

cancer treatments eg chemotherapy and radiation
but specific to thos: stem cell transplant and bone marrow transplant

Question 12

lymphoma

Answer 12

• uncontrolled proliferation of lymphocytes within the lymphatic system
• leads to tumours in lymph nodes -> disruption of lymph node fucntion

Question 13

lymphoma affect on lymph node function

Answer 13

decreased immune activation
decreases lymph filtration

Question 14

non-hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 14

• readily spreads tp other body sites: sportatic
• fast growing types
• slow growinf types
• B or T cells, more commonly B cells

Question 15

hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 15

• spread trends to be more patterned
• may subtypes
• prescense of reed-sternberg cells (multinucleated enlarged, pre-apoptoic (prior to programmed cell death) B cells)

Question 16

signs and symptons od lymphoma

Answer 16

• Lymphadenopathy
• B symptoms: fever, weight loss, night sweats
• Fatigue
• Pruritis (itching)

Question 17

acure infection phases

Answer 17

acute is self limiting
- incubation phase
- prodrome phase
-illness phase
- decline phase
- convalescence/resolution

Question 18

acute infection phase 1

Answer 18

incubation phase
- pathogen is in body replicating
- no signs and symptoms

Question 19

acute infection phase 2

Answer 19

prodrome phase
- pathogen is stll replicating
- inital immue response eith the onset of signs and symptoms

Question 20

acute infection phase 3

Answer 20

illness phase
- immune response begin to eliminate the pathogen
- peak of signs and symptoms, become specific pf infection you have

Question 20

acute infection phase 4

Answer 20

decline phase
- bog pathogen elimination
- decline in signs and symptoms

Question 21

acute infection phase 5

Answer 21

convalescence/resolution
- pathogen controlled/elimenatied
- signs and symptoms disapear

Question 21

viral infection example

Answer 21

human papillamavirus(HPV)

Question 22

HPV

Answer 22

• includes hundreds of virues

Question 23

HPV transmission

Answer 23

• transmission: direct contact (skin to skin, sexual)

Question 24

HPV presentation

Answer 24

• presentation: infects epithelial cells commonly warts and lesions, sometimes carcinoma (cancer), commonly the cervix (HPV and 18)

Question 25

HPV treatment/prevention

Answer 25

wart removal, HPV vaccine