RBC: anemia

Question 1

anemia is:

Answer 1

not having enough red blood cells or haemoglobin
the range of what is considered normal varies wirh sex, age and conditions like pregnancy

Question 2

what could go wrong with anemia

Answer 2

not enough oxygen to cells
- hypoxia p decreased oxygen levels in the tissues
- hypoxemia decreased oxygen level in blood
kess oxygen in our tissues and blood so compensation
- increased HR
- increased SV in heart

Question 3

hypoxemia

Answer 3

decreased oxygen level in blood

Question 4

hypoxia

Answer 4

decreased oxygen levels in the tissues

Question 5

inital symptoms of anemia

Answer 5

fatigue
pallor
feeling cold
increased respiratory rate
decreased ability to physically exert oneself

Question 6

symptoms if anemia gets bad

Answer 6

fluid overload and heart failure
tachycardia/ palpitations
dyspnoea
dizziness

Question 7

most common form of anemia:

Answer 7

iron deficieny anemia, especially common in women of child bearing age

Question 8

iron deficiency anemia

Answer 8

• most common
• considered mycrotic - red blood cells are smaller and paler

Question 9

casues of Ireon deficiency anemia

Answer 9

• decreased erththropoetin (EPO) fromt he kideys to make RBC
• decreased iron intake
• decreased ability to absorb iron form small intestine
• increased need for iron - fast growth/pregancy
• excessive loss of iron
• gastrctomy - stomach surgery

Question 10

symptoms of inital iron deficiency anemia

Answer 10

symptoms start out slowly and are vague until haemoglobin level is below 70-80g/l
initally:
- fatigue
- weakness
-shortness of breath
- palpitations
-pallor

Question 11

symptoms mroe severe iron deficiency anemia

Answer 11

Koilonychia- spoon shaped fingernails
Glossitis and tongue atrophy
Pica
Hair loss
cracks in corners of mouth

Question 12

macroytic anemias

Answer 12

large red blood cells, result form vitamin D deficiencies

Question 13

types of macroytic anemia

Answer 13

folate deficieny anaemia
pernicious anaemia

Question 14

folate deficiency anemia

Answer 14

• macrolytic anemia
• folate is vitamin B6, needed for RBCs to fully develop, so cells are produced immature with less oxygen carrying capacity and may die early

Question 15

causes of folate deficiency anaemia

Answer 15

alcohol
malnourishment- weight loss diets or lack of grains and veges
pregnancy/lactation - increased amounts needed to provide for children

Question 16

symptoms of folate deficiency anaemia

Answer 16

all the symptoms of anaemia
mouth ulcers, inflammation and fissures
headache, dysphagia, weight loss, watery diarrhoea

Question 17

treatment of folate deficiency anaemia

Answer 17

giving oral folate tablets

Question 18

pernicious anaemia is…

Answer 18

vitamin B 12 deficiency - lack of intrinsic factor
- intrinsic factor is made in stomach, vitamin B12 is absorbed by small intestine but cant absorb B12 without intrinsic factor

Question 19

casue of pernicious anaemia

Answer 19

• gastrectomy: part of stomach removed, cant make intrinsic factor
• chronic atrophic gastritis
• chrons disease: can affect small intestine absorption sites
• long term use of proton pump inhibitors
• vegan diets without supplementation - no plant foods naturally contain B12

Question 20

symptoms of pernicious anaemia

Answer 20

develops over 20-30 years - not caught unto severe
early symptons can be mood swings or concerns about other organs in body
severe: anaemia signs and symptoms, plus paraesthesias of feet/fingers, difficulty walkinf, sore beefy tongue

Question 21

treatment of pernicious anaemia

Answer 21

fatal if not treated
injections of oral supplementation