penicillins

Question 1

penicilins are a..

Answer 1

beta lactam antibiotoc

Question 2

beta lactam

Answer 2

are the most important class of of antibiotic and include
- Cephalosporins
- monobactams
- carbapenems

Question 3

betalactamase

Answer 3

enzymes are produced by some bacteria and can break open the beta lactam ring of the antibiotic rendering it ineffective

Question 4

first penicillins

Answer 4

first penicillis are the naturally occuring benzylpenicillins

Question 5

benzylpenicillin

Answer 5

first penicillins are naturally occuing benzylpenicillins
remains useful antibiotic- active gainst range of bacteria including
- streptococcal infections
- Pneumococcal infections
- Gonococcal infection
- Meningococcal infection
- Treponema (syphilis)
- Clostridium (tetanus, gas gangrene)
- Diptheria, anthrax, leptospirosis

Question 6

penicillin V name

Answer 6

Phenoxymethylpenicillin (V)

Question 7

Phenoxymethylpenicillin (V)

Answer 7

• Similar antibacterial spectrum as benzylpenicillin but less active
• Gastric acid stable
• Not given for seruois infectuons because absortion is unpredicatble
  Mainly used for:

Question 8

penicillin V use

Answer 8

• Respratory tract inections on children
• Streptococcal toncilitis
• Continused oral treatment

Question 9

penicillin G name

Answer 9

Benzylpenicillin

Question 10

penicillin G

Answer 10

inactivated by gastric acid
best given injection
allergic reactions can casue convulsion at higher doses

Question 11

broad spectrum penicillins

Answer 11

amino penicillins
piperacillin and ticaricillin
flucoxacillin

Question 12

Aminopenicllins

Answer 12

• Penicillin structure can be modified to alter the pharmacokinetics extending the spectrum of bacteria against whoch it can be used
• They are active against many gram negative bacteria such as E. coli and many gram positive bacteria
• There is now widespread resistance to amoxicillin and it should not be used for serious infections unless sensitivity is known

Question 13

amino penicillin examples

Answer 13

ampicillin and amoxicillin

Question 14

clinical uses for amino penicillins

Answer 14

Exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and middle ear infectioms
Prophalyxix for endocarditis

Question 15

Piperacillin and ticarcillin

Answer 15

Broad spectrum penicillins whose spectrum of activity extends to pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteus mirabilis
- Nasty gram negative bacteria capable of producing serious infections particularly in compromised patients
- These drugs are expensive and inactivated by betalactamase enzymes

Question 16

fluxoacillin

Answer 16

Almost used exclusivley fot treatment of staphylococcal infections particularly those caused by beta-lactamase postive oragnisms

Question 17

adverse affects of flucloxacillin

Answer 17

hypersensitivity reactions (anaphalaxis, rashes)
hepatitis and cholesterstatic jaundice