ageing: cardiovascular system

Question 1

major changes to blood vessels occurs due to

Answer 1

chronic inflammation

Question 2

what casues the inner lining of our blood vessels to get damaged

Answer 2

micro insults

Question 3

micro insults occur from

Answer 3

elevated blood pressue, high blood sugar, smoaking and other normal processes

Question 4

body tries to repair micro insults with…

Answer 4

inflammation

Question 5

repairng of micro insults in blood vessels

Answer 5

happens through atherosclerosis/ arteriosclerosis

Question 6

process of athersclerosis or arterisclerosis

Answer 6

• chronic inflammation causes release of more free radicals
• body starts depositing chorlesterol filled cells into lining of cells
• Chronic inflamation then changes the fatty streaks into fibrous plaques
• plques can break off abd become blood clots or can narrow the artery into, blood cant get through

Question 7

what happens to plaques formed in atherosclerosis

Answer 7

• can break off and become blood clots: causing strokes, heart attack or deep vein thrombosis
  Or
  -can narrow the artery so blood cant get through causing ischemia

Question 8

ischemia is:

Answer 8

decreased blood flow and is responsible for many ageing changes

Question 9

sclerosis of blood vessels can cause: 8

Answer 9

• hardened artery wallls, loose elasticiy and become less complient
• more pressure - hypertesnsion
• arteries can’t adjust to lower blood volume, causing orthostatic hypotension
• pressure against heart from blood vessels makes heart grow more cells: hyperthrophy
• cells grow outward and inward, decreases area for blood to collect, reducing cardiac output
• ischemia to heart muscle can cause heart to beocme fibronic and harder
• heart valves can calcify – they become hard and don’t close as well, letting blood flow the wrong way when the heart pumps.
• the maximum heart rate that older adults can achieve is lower.

Question 10

sclerosis casues artery walls to become:

Answer 10

hard, less elastic, less compliant

Question 11

decreased compliance in artery walls leads to:

Answer 11

they dont bend and change well
generally casues more pressuer- hypertension

Question 12

what happens to heart from sclerosis

Answer 12

• pressure from blood vessels makes heart grow more cells- hypertrophy
  these cells grow outward and inward , dreasing area to collect blood , reducing cardiac output
  ischemia to heart muscle can cause the heart muscle ot become fibrotic
  heart valves can calcify allowing blood to pump wring way

Question 13

hypertrophy=

Answer 13

heart grow more cells