War Of Independance(1857) Flashcards
1
Q
Religious And Social (Causes)
A
- Spread of British culture
- British influence(railways, English, telegraph, roads, education)
- Taxes on mosques, churches and temples
- Greased cartridge issue
- They tried to convert Indians
- The British were arrogant and considered themselves superior
- Local languages, and culture was undermined
- They banned social practices like Suttee, and parda.
- Missionary activates led to resentment
2
Q
Political (Causes)
A
- Doctrine of Lapse( land grabbers)
- Annexations of Sindh And Punjab
- Unfair Justice system
- Local having not share in administration
- Mistreatment Of Tye Emperor
- Lack of opportunity
3
Q
Economic (Causes)
A
- British machines led to unemployment
- Raw materials were exploited
- Heavy taxes
- Low salaries for sepoys
- Corrupt tax collectors
4
Q
Military (Causes)
A
- Sepoys were under paid
- All the higher ranks were reserved
- No retirement age
- Greased Cartridge Issue
5
Q
Greased Cartridge Issue
A
- Started by Mangal Panday, a sepoy
- New Anfield Riffle, needed to have its cartridge, which was covered in grease to keep the powder dry, ripped of with teeth.
- Cartridge was greased with pig and cow fat, which was unlawful for both religions.
- They didn’t cooperate, and that sparked a tussle.
6
Q
Other Events
A
- In Meerut, when sepoys defied their officers, they were court martialled & imprisoned, but were broken out by their fellow sepoys and killed their officers.
- Meerut was sacked
- Then they marched to and captured Delhi
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- In Kanpur, Nana Sahib captured a British force, for 3 weeks, after which he allowed them to leave only to open fire, killing most of the soldiers and 300 women & children massacred.
- The Survivors, 4 men and 100 women were also killed as soon as reinforcements arrived.
- Nana Sahib, escapes as the sepoys were tortured.
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- In Jhansi the Rani of Jhansi(Lakshmibai) assisted by Tatiya Topi, tried to fend of the British, but they were both killed.
7
Q
Reasons For Failure
A
- Lack of Coordination
- Lack of Unity, Discipline, Leadership
- No common goal or ambition
- Ill equipped Indians
- Superior British forces
- Different groups fighting for different reasons, Muslims wanted the the empire restored
- British Strengths( Well Equipped, Experienced Fighters)
- They were skilled diplomats, and knew the indian rulers, wanted to regain power and not unity in India. So they provoked them against each other.
8
Q
Aftermath
A
- EIC was abolished
- Muslims lost favour
- There was a lack of Islamic knowledge and trust, and education
- Hindus gained favour, as they adapted and accepted the British rule, and undertook their education.
