Khwaja Nazimuddin (1948-1951)

Question 1

Liaqat Ali Khan

Answer 1

• 3 days after Quaid’s death KN, became G.G
• He was also leader of Muslim League
• CM Of East Pakistan
• PM, LAQ, remained in office
• KN, realized LAQ, had backing of Govt. and populations
• He therefore stood back, making G.G role less important, relative to PM
• LAQ, had to establish constitution, which appeased all parties

Question 2

Liaqat-Nehru Pact

Answer 2

• 2 PMSs signed a pact
• Indian Hindus killed Muslim minority
• They discussed law and order situation
• Agreed that both Govt. would be responsible for their minority rights
• Free passage was restricted and Visa system was introduced

Question 3

Objective Resolution

Answer 3

• After Independence, Pakistan was governed under Independence Act, which was amended version of Govt. Of India Act
• A constituent assembly was set up to frame new one
• Since, Pak lacked a well-organized political system, it could not make a new on immediately and effectively
• Basic Principles Committee was set up to decide principles of new constitution
• Had 25 members
• Findings were contained in file, Objective Resolution
• Passed on 12th March 1949, and declared;
  1) Sovereignty belongs to Allah
  2) Const. should observe principles of democracy, freedom, equality and tolerance, and social justice laid down by Islam
  3) Muslims would be able to lead lived in accordance to Islamic principles
  4) Other religious groups could freely practice
  5) Minorities and poor protected from Social Injustice
  6) All fundamental human rights guaranteed
  7) Legal system independent from Govt.
• Remained constant in 56, 62 and 73
• One of the most important documents in Pak history

Why Was it passed?

• 1935 Act was not enough to meet Pak’s needs
• Country made for Muslims
• Nothing to ensure it would be run Islamically
• Pressure from religious groups and Ulma
• LAQ took initiative to pass it
• A base and foundation was needed
• To provide guidance for new Const.

Question 4

PRODA

Answer 4

• Public and Representative Disqualification Act
• Act for debarring from public office for a period if person found guilty of misconduct
• By it complaints could be made to G.G or provincial governors and they could order an inquiry
• For eliminating corruption
• In reality allowed elites, to remove those against
• Misused later on by generals

Question 5

Rawalpindi Conspiracy

Answer 5

• BY 1951 most army officers were Pakistani
• Despite this some were unhappy with Govt., and planned a coup
• Amongst them were, Ayub Khan, his wife, and Faiz Ahmed Faiz
• They hated LAQ’s Govt. and thought army should be in power instead
• It was disclosed by Ayub Khan, himself
• In March 1951, the Rawalpindi Conspiracy was discovered by Ayub Khan, and conspirators including him, were arrested, tried, and imprisoned
• 14 other than him were taken
• LAQ has survived first coup

Question 6

Liaqat Ali Khan’s Assassination

Answer 6

• He was shot dead on 16th October 1951
• Whilst addressing public meeting in Rawalpindi
• Worked tirelessly for country
• Given title Shaheed-e-Millat

Question 7

1950 Proposals

Answer 7

• 28th September 1950
  1. Committee recommended bicameral legislature with equal powers
  2. President to be elected by joint session of 2 houses
  3. Urdu should be official language

Criticism

• east had larger population than west
• resented idea of equal representation
• resented having Urdu as official’
• Provincial politicians objected to power being given to head of state and to Fed. Govt.
• Religious groups complained, const. was not sufficiently Islamic