Khilafat Movement(1919-1924)

Question 1

Introduction/Background

Answer 1

• The Lucknow Pact Showed That The Muslims And Hindus Could Work Together In Their Common Interests
• With The Khilafat Movement It Seemed To Be Happening Again, But Ultimately The Religious Differences Made It Impossible Fir Them To Work Together
• The Khilafat Movement Was Formed To Protect The Sultan And Their Religion

Question 2

A) Deep Seated Muslim Fears

Answer 2

• The Deep Seated Muslim Fears, Regarding The Treating Of Turkey By The British
• They Were Afraid That The West And The British Would Treat Turkey Unjustly As It Did; Persia, Afghanistan

Question 3

B) WWI And Turkey

Answer 3

B) WWI And Turkey

• During The War Turkey Had Fought Besides Germany Against The British
• The Brits Wanted The Indian Muslims To Fight against The Turks But They Knew That They Won’t Part Take In Any Fight Against The Khalifa
• So The British Cunningly Proposed That 1)The Rights Of The Khalifa Will Be Revered And 2) The Turkish Empire Would Be Preserved
• This LED To Many Muslims Joining
• During The War Many Leading Muslims(Molanas Muhammad And Shaukat Ali Jauhar) To Prevent Hindu Opposition

Question 4

i)Post War Treaties

Answer 4

• After The War Treaties Were Drawn Up Showing How The Defeated Nations Were To Be Treated;
  • The Treaty Of Versailles Set Out The Fate Of Germany;
  1) Its Armed Forces And Colonies Were Taken And Reduced
  2) The Country Was Split
  3) Germany Was Forced To Pay Heavy Sums Of Compensation
• These Treaties Worried The Muslims As They Thought About The Fate Of German Ally Turkey

Question 5

C) The Khalifa

Answer 5

• The Sultan If Turkey Was Considered The Head Of The Muslim World
• As He Ruled An Empire Including Makkah, Madinah And Jerusalem
• Muslims Were Outraged When The British Threatened To Take Away That Territory

Question 6

All INDIA Khilafat Conference

Answer 6

• In 1919 A Conference Was Held In Dheli To Try To Persuade The British To Keep Their Promise
• A Resolution Was Passed Agreeing To Send A Delegation To Britain To Signal To The British The Muslims’ Support For The Khalifa

Question 7

The 2nd Conference

Answer 7

• Held In December Of 1919 At Amritsar
• It Was Agreed That The Three Organisations Should Work Together To Oppose Plans To Dismember Turkey
• It Was Agreed That Ghandi Would Take The Lead Trying To Persuade The British Against Punishing Turkey
• Molana Muhammad Ali Jahaur Had Also Recently Returned From Britain After Meeting With Lloyd George(PM) And Had Emphasised The Importance Of Solving The Turkish Problem And That Turkey Should Get Justice
• They Politely Listened But His Arguments Fell On Deaf Ears As The PM Sarcastically Said That Turkey Will Have Justice Like All The Others

Question 8

Reasons For Failure

Answer 8

• Arrest Of The Ali Brothers
• The Hijrat Movement To Afghanistan(1920)
• The Moplah Rebellion(1921)
  • The Moplahs Of South India Opposed Their Hindu Landlords And The British
  • At Tirur 10,000 Moplahs Set Fire To A Police Station And Took Arms And Ammunition
  • In The End 400 Moplahs Were Killed
• Chauri-Chaura Incident(1922)
  • 21 Policemen Were Killed After Firing On A Political Procession
  • In The Aftermath Ghandi Put A Halt On His Civil Disobedience Campaigns And Was Imprisoned For 6 Years

Question 9

The End

Answer 9

• In The End The Muslims Cared Mire About The Caliphate And Khalifa Than The Actual Rulers Of Turkey
• Soon Kemal Ataturk Abolished The Caliphate And Exiled The Khalifa
• In The End It Made No Difference Wether The Indians Did Anything As The Turks Themselves Abolished It
• The Khilafat Movement Ended Soon After