w7 specimen prep Flashcards
how to accession specimens that are not blood tubes
- time stamp req
- confirm name PHN accession number on req and specimen
- see rejection guidelines for mislabelled
- ensure spec type is appropriate for that type of testing
CSF
- cerebral spinal fluid
- clear colourless fluid that cushions brain and spinal cord. disease of meninges or central nervous system can be detected
- done stat
- diagnostic CSF 3-4 sterile capped tubes, 1ml of specimen and labelled 1-4 according to which order they are collected.
1. chemistry for protein and glucose
2. micro- gram stain and culture and sensitivity
3. hematology for cell count
4. cytology for cell examination
amniotic fluid
and 3 reasons
fluid surrounding fetus, used to detect potential problems before baby is born.
amniocentesis is performed from 12th to 42 week of gestation.
1.cytogenetic studies for in0urtero detection of genetic disease ( chromosomal evaluations)
2.detection of fetal jeopardy (hemolytic disease of newborn, placental rupture, eclampsia, high fetal glucose levels)
3.determination of fetal maturity
* do not refrigerate
*goes to ACH
*process immediately
synovial fluid
fluid in joints
-excessive joint fluid can be caused from arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus SLE, gout and injury
usually aspirated from knee
tested for:-crystals, microorganisms(micro in sterile container), cells count(hematology) , chemical analytes(glucose, protein)- chemistry and chemistry also tests crystals
what are the three body cavity fluids
pleural
pericardial
peritoneal fluid
pleural fluid
cavity between lungs and thoracic wall. cancer tb and infections can increase volume of fluid
pericardial fluid
around heard, its within the pericardium
excess can be from inflammation or rupture of pericardium
increased pressure can decrease cardiac output -life threatening complications -fluid drained to relieve pressure not usually done for diagnostic procedures
peritoneal fluid
fluid in abdominal cavity surrounding organs.
effusions: accumulation of fluid in body cavities due to disease
paracentesis
removal of an effusion from a serous body cavity large volumes like 50ml may be removed - can be refrigerated
-delivered within one hour
what do most tubes for body fluids contain
heparin to prevent clotting
cavity fluid chemistry testing
tests: protein glucose amylase LDG
3ml heparinized tube
cavity fluid hem testing
tests: cell count WVC differential RBC
1ml heparinized tube
micro cavity fluid testing
tests: gram stain
aerobic and anaerobic
cultures AFB
3ml heparinized tube
cytology body cavity tests
examination of cells
2 to 20ml of plain tube
seminal fluid
determine sperm counts in a full semen analysis to confirm absence of sperm in post vasectomy patients
post-vasectomy collection
sterile container, deliver to lab within one hour, keep at body temp, dont ejaculate for at least three days before collection. samples in condoms not accepted
full semen analysis
collected at a designated lab with an apt and recommended not to bust a nut 3 days before collection
stool specimen culture and sensitivity
-diagnose gastrointestinal disease causing bacteria
-refrigerated
-brought to lab within 24 hours
testing department: micro
storage disposal: refrigerated for 7 days then placed in biohazard container for collection and disposal
ova and parasite stool sample
prep and handling: collected in sterile and SAF container, refrigerate until delivery to late, deliver within 8 hours, may need to be sent out.
testing department: parasitology
storage and disposal: samples kept refrigerated for 7 days then biohazard and disposed of by other company
pinworm
prep: collected on kit paddle from rectal swab may need to be sent out
testing department: parasitology
storage and disposal: sample kept for 7 days in fridge the biohazard and disposed of by other company
fecal fat
patient delivers paint can to lab with req- 72 hours of poop tested in chemistry -assess degree of malabsorption -refrigerate during collection -tested in chemistry
FIT stool sample
fecal immunochemical test random stool collection for colorectal cancer screening for low-risk patients 50-74 deliver to lab within 7 days special chem discarded after reading
occult blood stool sample
-screen for gastrointestinal bleeding
-3 different stool samples on test card then it is submitted also known as guaiac test
-submitted on test card with req
tested in chem
disposed of after reading
swabs for micro
from in infected area on body
-swabs submitted in an amies transport medium enabling bacteria to stay alive but not reproduce during transport
what if physician suspects neisseria gonorrhoea
specimen will be collected and transported in amies charcoal transport media
culture and sensitivity for urine specimen
sterile containers and and must arrive 24 ohours after collection and be kept in fridge. source of urine needs to be indicated on req MSU midstream urine catheter cystoscopy nephrostomy catheter u bag for infant invasive: suprapubic, bladder aspirates kidney ureter
sputum collection
early morning deep cough
limit amount of saliva
put in fridge after two hours
histology and cytology specimens
-most collected by physician during surgery
biopsy and tissue autopsy sames, arrive in formalin a fixative. -most cytology labs prefer to accession and prepare their own specimens
needle aspirates
pap smears
urine or sputum
helicobacter pylori urea breath test
helicobacter pylori microorganism causes gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, major risk factor for gastric cancer produces a lot of urease
-patient given urea drink with natural isotope-urease splits urea into CO2 and ammonia, CO2 absolved into blood and exhaled- breath collected
trace metals
lead mercury arsenic aluminium chromium cadmium manganese zinc special evacuated blood tubes used royal blue
