w7 specimen prep

Question 1

how to accession specimens that are not blood tubes

Answer 1

• time stamp req
• confirm name PHN accession number on req and specimen
• see rejection guidelines for mislabelled
• ensure spec type is appropriate for that type of testing

Question 2

CSF

Answer 2

• cerebral spinal fluid
• clear colourless fluid that cushions brain and spinal cord. disease of meninges or central nervous system can be detected
• done stat
• diagnostic CSF 3-4 sterile capped tubes, 1ml of specimen and labelled 1-4 according to which order they are collected.
  1. chemistry for protein and glucose
  2. micro- gram stain and culture and sensitivity
  3. hematology for cell count
  4. cytology for cell examination

Question 3

amniotic fluid

and 3 reasons

Answer 3

fluid surrounding fetus, used to detect potential problems before baby is born.
amniocentesis is performed from 12th to 42 week of gestation.
1.cytogenetic studies for in0urtero detection of genetic disease ( chromosomal evaluations)
2.detection of fetal jeopardy (hemolytic disease of newborn, placental rupture, eclampsia, high fetal glucose levels)
3.determination of fetal maturity
* do not refrigerate
*goes to ACH
*process immediately

Question 4

synovial fluid

Answer 4

fluid in joints
-excessive joint fluid can be caused from arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus SLE, gout and injury
usually aspirated from knee
tested for:-crystals, microorganisms(micro in sterile container), cells count(hematology) , chemical analytes(glucose, protein)- chemistry and chemistry also tests crystals

Question 5

what are the three body cavity fluids

Answer 5

pleural
pericardial
peritoneal fluid

Question 6

pleural fluid

Answer 6

cavity between lungs and thoracic wall. cancer tb and infections can increase volume of fluid

Question 7

pericardial fluid

Answer 7

around heard, its within the pericardium
excess can be from inflammation or rupture of pericardium
increased pressure can decrease cardiac output -life threatening complications -fluid drained to relieve pressure not usually done for diagnostic procedures

Question 8

peritoneal fluid

Answer 8

fluid in abdominal cavity surrounding organs.

effusions: accumulation of fluid in body cavities due to disease

Question 9

paracentesis

Answer 9

removal of an effusion from a serous body cavity large volumes like 50ml may be removed - can be refrigerated
-delivered within one hour

Question 10

what do most tubes for body fluids contain

Answer 10

heparin to prevent clotting

Question 11

cavity fluid chemistry testing

Answer 11

tests: protein glucose amylase LDG

3ml heparinized tube

Question 12

cavity fluid hem testing

Answer 12

tests: cell count WVC differential RBC

1ml heparinized tube

Question 13

micro cavity fluid testing

Answer 13

tests: gram stain
aerobic and anaerobic
cultures AFB
3ml heparinized tube

Question 14

cytology body cavity tests

Answer 14

examination of cells

2 to 20ml of plain tube

Question 15

seminal fluid

Answer 15

determine sperm counts in a full semen analysis to confirm absence of sperm in post vasectomy patients

Question 16

post-vasectomy collection

Answer 16

sterile container, deliver to lab within one hour, keep at body temp, dont ejaculate for at least three days before collection. samples in condoms not accepted

Question 17

full semen analysis

Answer 17

collected at a designated lab with an apt and recommended not to bust a nut 3 days before collection

Question 18

stool specimen culture and sensitivity

Answer 18

-diagnose gastrointestinal disease causing bacteria
-refrigerated
-brought to lab within 24 hours
testing department: micro
storage disposal: refrigerated for 7 days then placed in biohazard container for collection and disposal

Question 19

ova and parasite stool sample

Answer 19

prep and handling: collected in sterile and SAF container, refrigerate until delivery to late, deliver within 8 hours, may need to be sent out.
testing department: parasitology
storage and disposal: samples kept refrigerated for 7 days then biohazard and disposed of by other company

Question 20

pinworm

Answer 20

prep: collected on kit paddle from rectal swab may need to be sent out
testing department: parasitology
storage and disposal: sample kept for 7 days in fridge the biohazard and disposed of by other company

Question 21

fecal fat

Answer 21

patient delivers paint can to lab with req- 72 hours of poop
tested in chemistry
-assess degree of malabsorption 
-refrigerate during collection 
-tested in chemistry

Question 22

FIT stool sample

Answer 22

fecal immunochemical test
random stool collection for colorectal cancer screening for low-risk patients 50-74
deliver to lab within 7 days 
special chem 
discarded after reading

Question 23

occult blood stool sample

Answer 23

-screen for gastrointestinal bleeding
-3 different stool samples on test card then it is submitted also known as guaiac test
-submitted on test card with req
tested in chem
disposed of after reading

Question 24

swabs for micro

Answer 24

from in infected area on body

-swabs submitted in an amies transport medium enabling bacteria to stay alive but not reproduce during transport

Question 25

what if physician suspects neisseria gonorrhoea

Answer 25

specimen will be collected and transported in amies charcoal transport media

Question 26

culture and sensitivity for urine specimen

Answer 26

sterile containers and and must arrive 24 ohours after collection and be kept in fridge. source of urine needs to be indicated on req 
MSU midstream urine
catheter 
cystoscopy
nephrostomy catheter
u bag for infant 
invasive: suprapubic, bladder aspirates 
kidney 
ureter

Question 27

sputum collection

Answer 27

early morning deep cough
limit amount of saliva
put in fridge after two hours

Question 28

histology and cytology specimens

Answer 28

-most collected by physician during surgery
biopsy and tissue autopsy sames, arrive in formalin a fixative. -most cytology labs prefer to accession and prepare their own specimens
needle aspirates
pap smears
urine or sputum

Question 29

helicobacter pylori urea breath test

Answer 29

helicobacter pylori microorganism causes gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, major risk factor for gastric cancer produces a lot of urease
-patient given urea drink with natural isotope-urease splits urea into CO2 and ammonia, CO2 absolved into blood and exhaled- breath collected

Question 30

trace metals

Answer 30

lead 
mercury
arsenic
aluminium
chromium
cadmium
manganese
zinc
special evacuated blood tubes used royal blue