W4 specimen prep 23-27 Flashcards
When do Urine specimens need to be transported by and why
need to be transported in 2 hours or refrigerated because the chemical composition of urine changes and the formed elements like casts begin to deteriorate. bacteria starts to grow and metabolize the glucose in the urine. ** but bring it back to room temperature before testing
where is label placed on urine specimens and what is on it
it is placed on container not lid and it should have patients demographics, location, date and time of collection and name of preservative
random urine specimen
- general screen for physical health
- any time
- not concentrated (possible miss pathological condition)
- convenient
midstream clean catch specimen MSU
- used for routine microbiological culture and sensitivity
- goal is to isolate and identify pathogenic bacteria that are responsible for patients infection
- midstream means patient voids urine into toilet, then without stopping urinates into the collection container until it is about one quarter to half full. -clean part refers to the special cleaning of the genital area
first morning specimen
- ideal for urinalysis because of the high concentration resulting in a lot of urine sediment
- most concentrated specimen
- it is most likely to contain abnormal elements(pathogenic substance)
- formed elements wbc rbc casts are more stable in concentrated acidic urines * used in pregnancy testing
- recommended for cytology, increased number of epithelial cells
8 hour lying down urine test
- it is considered a first morning specimen
- confirms orthostatic proteinuria or protein i urine after standing.
- bladder emptied before lying down and specimen collected after patient stands up
24 hour specimen
represents the total volume of urine voided in 24 hour time period
- bladder fully emptied first
- all gathered in an orange nasty collection container
- assessing creatinine, protein, cortisol, calcium and electrolytes and urea
- 24 hour more accurate and gives a better representation of the patients health – variations in analyte levels throughout the day
catecholamines and 17-hydroxysteroids
analyzed during a 24 hour specimen collection.
-they exhibit diurnal variation in excretion during a 24 hour time period.
lowest concentration in the morning, highest at noon.
preservatives
sometimes used to preserve urine, like an acid ( boric or hydrochloric) and a base (sodium carbonate) whmis labels should be put on 24 hour collection jug if there is a preservative and it should be recorded on the label.
what does the MLA do with the 24 hour urine collections
- prepare container for collection(label, preservatives)
- explain collection procedure to patients and give physical instructions
- receive and accession specimen into the lab once patient completes collection]
- process the specimen as per tests ordered, this would be aliquoting a sample into a labeled tube
paediatric urine specimen collection
bag adhered to patients skin around the urethral area, the urine in bag is transferred to a cup
catheterized speciemn
not sterile, it is invasive to get a catheter but collecting a urine sample from a catheter is not invasive
-usually used for relief of urinary retention
suprapubic specimen
invasive procedure using a needle aspiration or syringe and it goes through the abdomen into the bladder and this is usually done for patients who can’t be catheterized and STERILE SPECIMEN IS REQUIRED
nephrostomy specimen
tube or catheter is inserted through skin directly into the kidney to divert urin away from the ureter, there may be a blockage and the urine can be collected through this catheter, the procedure of having it placed is invasive but the collection from the catherter is not
what do stool specimens help diagnose?
-infectious bacterial agents, intestinal parasites, viral infections, digestive disorders and colorectal cancer
