W2 phlebotomy equipment Flashcards
contents of tray and what to restock
gloves- extra pairs (since you must take soiled gloves off immediately) tourniquits alcohol swabs cotton balls. gauze. tape and/or Band-aids. pen. Needles in various gauges. Butterfly needles. lancets.-to poke Tube holders. Syringes. Capillaries. lab reference manual
why are gloves necessary when taking blood
because there is no excuse for not wearing gloves like duh you are touching “dirty” people.
- they protect from blood spills.
- *reduce the volume of blood entering body from a needle-stick injury by 86%.
what happens if the tourniquet is left on for too long?
If it’s on longer than 1 minute, the plasma starts to seep into the connective tissue outside of the vein. This means that the plasma concentration has decreased, the fluid part at least. This leads to incorrect results because the concentration of the analyze level in the blood will increase.
Long story short, it will create a false concentration of analyses. This whole process is known as hemoconcentration
how do you know when tourniquet too tight
patient complaint
white skin
reddish purpling of hand
petechiae
What do you clean injection site with?
70% isopropyl alcohol. Used for routine venipunctures. Use friction scrub 5-7 cm in diameter and let air-dry because you are not retarded and you are not about to blow on a sterilized injection site. BUT wait for it to be dry because patients will feel a burning sensation.
you can repalpate IF you clean your palpating finger but its not routine practice
if patient on anticoagulant how long should bandaid be left on
12-24 hours usually its just 15 minutes
parts of a needle
bevel- point which punctures skin, it should enter vein facing upwards. It will always enter vein facing upwards if you are using the safety device in the correct location (which is over the thumb)
shaft- is the long part of the needle, the inside is known as the lumen
Hub- connects the shaft of the needle to the tube holder.
** your fingers should never touch the bevel, shaft, or hub and it should always be behind the safety device on the tube holder.
gauge number on needles
larger the gauge number the smaller the needle
22,21 gauge needles, green and black are usually used for adult venipuncture
23 gauge needles, blue used in paediatrics,
18 gauge is pink and used in blood donations
** to avoid hemolysis avoid using needles with a small lumen and a tube that has a large vacuum
how to enter needle into skin
the angle of insertion must be less than 30 degrees and greater than 15 degrees.
your fingers should be resting on the arm of the patient and your own arm should be relaxed.
** forward and backward movements are okay and they don’t cause damage but when you move the needle side to side that can cause damage.
evacuated system equipment
one end punctures patients skin, the other needle end punctures into the tube vacuum the end that enters the tube has a rubber sleeve around it that slides back when stopper is pushed on. the tubes we use that collected the blood are called evacuated tubes because they act like a vacuum and suck the correct amount of blood into the tube.
what does the colour of the tube identify?
it identifies the tube additive if one is present and determines which tubes should be used to collect the correct specimen; serum, plasma or whole blood.
the order of draw relates to the colour of the tube and therefore the additive.
what are non-additive tubes
don’t contain chemicals but are coated with silicon to keep the blood from sticking
what are additive tubes?, and what are they used for?4
they are chemicals added to tubes other than silicon that prevent the blood from anticoagulant- prevent clot clot activator-enhance clot formation cell preservatives gel-physically separate blood pst sst
sst
serum separator tubes so they WOULD contain a clot activator, and they separate that from the serum so they would have gel as well
pst
plasma separator tubes would contain an anticoagulant to keep the plasma intact as well as the gel.
