w/c 6/02 Flashcards
what is infection with nisseria meningitides associated with adrenal haemorrhage and septic shock known as?
waterhouse friedrichson syndrome
what is seen on abdo x ray in NEC?
dilated bowel loops
pneumatosis intestinalis (gas in bowel)
pneumoperitoneum
what ix are done for suspected rickets?
bloods: calcium, phosphate, ALP, vitamin d
imaging: of joints eg wrists/knees
what might you see on x ray in a child with rickets?
cupping
fraying
widened epiphyseal plates
what is the first line ix for diagnosing duchennes muscular dystrophy?
genetic testing
what electrolyte abnormality is pyloric stenosis most associated with?
hypokalemia
what is the most common extra renal complication of polycystic kidney disease?
liver cysts
what organisms cause impetigo?
staph aureus
strep pyogenes
when should you check serum bilirubin levels after commencing phototherapy?
4-6 hrs
what is the most important side effect to monitor for when a child is on methylphenidate?
reduced growth
due to reduced appetite
how does congenital rubella syndrome present?
cataracts
deafness
patent ductus arteriosus
brain damage
what is seen on US when a child has intussusception?
target sign
what are sx of intussusception?
colicky pain after eating (child writhes or draws knees to chest)
redcurrant jelly stool
whats the first line ix for intussusception?
ultrasound
what imaging modality is used when DDH is suspected?
hip ultrasound
what are the 4 layers to think about when classifying obstetric tears?
perineal skin
perineal muscles
external/internal anal sphincters
anal mucosa
define 1st, 2nd, 3a/3b/3c and 4th degree tear
1= limited to perianal skin or vaginal mucosa
2= limited to perianal mucosa
3a= involves less than 50% of external anal sphincter
3b= involves more than 50% of external anal sphincter
3c= involves internal anal sphincter
4= involves anal mucosa
what are the cut off values for GDM? how do you remember this?
fasting glucose: >5.6mmol/L
2 hour plasma glucose: >7.8mmol/L
rule= 5678
what is given when someone has PPROM?
abx: erythromycin or clarithromycin
what is the biggest complication with breech presentation?
umbilical cord prolapse
when is surgical management in an ectopic not necessary? what is done instead?
bHCG <5000 IU/I
adnexal mass <35mm
no free fluid in abdomen
no intrauterine pregnancy
clinically stable
give methotrexate
what is the cut off for beta HCG in expectant management of a miscarriage?
<1500 IU/I
what are signs of rhesus d haemolytic disease in the newborn?
anaemia: pale or jaundiced
yellow amniotic fluid
hydrops fetalis
hepatosplenomegaly
what is hydrops fetalis? describe why it arises
subcutaneous/ serous cavity fluid collection as the heart has to pump more blood to deliver the same amount of oxygen