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w/c 29/04 Flashcards

1
Q

how does memory loss in alzheimers present specifically?

A

trouble with short term memory but long term memory intact

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2
Q

what haemorrhage is likely to occur in a newborn due to birth trauma

A

intraventricular ie subdural and subarachnoid

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3
Q

what should you rule out when suspecting incontinence and how?

A

UTI and DM
with urinalysis

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4
Q

whats normal vaginal pH?

A

4.0-4.5

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5
Q

what BG should a neonate be treated even if asymptomatic?

A

<1mmol/L -this is classified as very low blood glucose
start on IV 10% dextrose

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6
Q

what on bishop score scores 2

A

effacement= 60-70%
consistency= soft
dilation= 3-4cm
position= anterior
station=0

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7
Q

what usually happens to Hb and platelets in physiological pregnancy?

A

decrease
often dilutional

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8
Q

what usually happens to urine in physiological pregnancy?

A

increased protein loss
increased serum urea and creatinine

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9
Q

what LFT is most raised in biliary atresia?

A

GGT

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10
Q

what type of bilirubin is raised in biliary atresia?

A

conjugated

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11
Q

what abx is given for BV

A

oral metronidazole

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12
Q

what abx is given for trichomonas

A

oral metronidazole

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13
Q

what type of bacteria is gonorrhoea

A

gram neg diplococcus

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14
Q

what is done next if foetal heartbeat cant be found with handheld doppler

A

US

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15
Q

what are the rules for late changing of the patch?

A

at end of week 1 or 2= if under 48 hrs change immediately and no further action, if over 48 hrs barrier contraception for 7 days and emergency contraception if had sex

at end of week 3= remove and apply new patch as normal

at end of week 4 late patch application= barrier contraception for 7 days then as normal

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16
Q

how do you differentiate between infantile spasms and colic?

A

infantile spasms= child is distressed between spasms
colic= child is distressed during spasms

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17
Q

what are causes of post coital bleeding?

A

cervical ectropion
cervical polyps
cervical neoplasia
vaginal atrophy

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18
Q

how do you remember difference between gastroschisis and omphalocele

A

omphalocele= sealed in peritoneal sac

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19
Q

what genetic condition is associated with large head but small limbs

A

achondroplasia

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20
Q

what causes achondroplasia

A

activation of FGFR3 (fibroblast growth receptor 3)

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21
Q

in alcoholic dependance when are antidepressants considered?

A

after a month of sobriety

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22
Q

what therapy is first line for alcohol dependance?

A

group

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23
Q

what is karyoptype 46XY

A

androgen insensitivity syndrome

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24
Q

whats true incontinence

A

incontinence all the time associated with a fistula between the ureter and vagina

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25
whats functional incontinence
incontinence associated with not being able to get to the toilet in time due to physical barriers/environment
26
what are the 2 causes of urge incontinence
detrusor activity dysfunction overactive bladder
27
what age does the MCA apply for
over 16 if under 16 use gillick competence to assess capacity
28
how many principles are there in the MCA
5
29
when in the cycle does oestrogen peak
before ovulation
30
how long can you wait for the placenta to be delivered?
1 hr
31
what is placenta attached to in accreta/increta/percreta?
accreta= attached to myoterium increta= invades into myometrium percreta= invades through perimetrium
32
how many hrs after UPSI is ellaone and levonrgesteral effective?
ellaone= 120 hrs levonorgesteral= 72 hrs
33
what congenital disorder is associated with development of ASD
fragile X
34
whats the genetic abnormality in fragile x?
trinucleotide repeat on x chromosome
35
what is a contraindication for lung transplant in those with cystic fibrosis?
chronic infection with bukholderia
36
when do you refer someone for TVUS for intermittent bleeding on a new contraception?
persists more than 3 months
37
what is AFP in downs syndrome?
low
38
how does omphalocele affect AFP
causes high AFP
39
what age does cervical smear routine screening change from every 3 years to every 5 years
50
40
how is a formula fed baby with suspected cows milk protein intolerance mx
trial extensively hydrolysed formula
41
what are top differentials in a child with abdo distention and bilious vomitting
malrotation volvulus
42
child with unilateral undescended testes review and surgery when
review 6-8 weeks review 3 months if undescended at 3 months, surgery at 6 months
43
child with bilateral undescended testes review and surgery when
review and surgery within 24 hrs
44
how long do copper IUDs last
5 or 10 yrs
45
how is coarctation of the aorta mx
balloon angioplasty with or without stenting can be treated surgically
46
test done for gonorrhoea
NAAT
47
apart from stepwise deterioration how can you identify vascular dementia
early gait disturbance, urinary incontinence, changes in concentration/mood
48
high risk RF for pre eclampsia
previous pre eclampsia hypertensive disease diabetes autoimmune conditions eg SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome
49
trichomonas abx
metronidazole 400-500mg BD 7 days
50
when is aciclovir given for herpes in pregnancy
during in infection from 36 weeks onwards
51
what medication for ovulation induction is most assoc with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome?
gonadotrophin therapy
52
what features in a child are associated with perthes disease
hyperactvity short stature boy aged 5-12
53
abx for mycoplasma pneumonia in children
macrolide erythromycin/clarithromycin
54
what do tocolytics do
reduce uterine contractions
55
what murmur does anaemia cause
soft systolic
56
medical conditions that increase the risk of endometrial cancer
diabetes PCOS HNPCC/lynch syndrome
57
how long does capput succedaneum take to heal
few days
58
abx for pertussis
azithro or clarithro if cough onset within past 21 days
59
women with diabetes should give birth no later than
40+6 weeks
60
women with diabetes should be induced at
37-38+6 weeks
61
risk factors for pavlik harness splinting in DDH
avascular necrosis and femoral nerve palsy
62
shaken baby syndrome triad
retinopathy subdural haemorrhage encephalopathy
63
rules for when you need contrception if you are menopausal
1 year after cessation of menses if over 50 2 yrs after cessation of menses if under 50
64
side effects of HRT
nausea breast tenderness fluid retention and weight gain
65
adverse effects of HRT
increased risk of breast cancer (RR 1.26/5) increased risk of endometrial cancer (not if progesterone is given continuously) increased risk of VTE (not with transdermal patch) increased risk of IHD if >10 yrs post menopause increased risk of stroke
66
meckels diverticulum age
2
67
intussecption age
under 9 months
68
where is atopic eczema usually present in an infant
face and trunk
69
what ssri is used post MI
sertaline
70
what are the gonads
ovaries and testes
71
what conditions come under gonadal dysgenesis
turners syndrome
72
how to identify toddlers diarrhoea
contains undigested food
73
what sign on examination is specifically associated with pre eclampsia
brisk tendon reflexes
74
pregnancy test positive after TOP for how long
4 weeks
75
below what hb is iron supplementation needed in pregnancy
<110
76
TVUS findings diagnostic of misscarriage
CRL >7mm no foetal heartbeat
77
when can hcg be detected
8 days after fertilisation
78
what secretes hcg
syncitiotrophoblasts
79
what is cerazette (deogesterel)
POP
80
how can you differentiate cows milk protein intolerance from GORD
cows milk protein intolerance with have changes to stool and rashes
81

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