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Qbanks > w/c 29/04 > Flashcards

w/c 29/04 Flashcards

1
Q

how does memory loss in alzheimers present specifically?

A

trouble with short term memory but long term memory intact

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2
Q

what haemorrhage is likely to occur in a newborn due to birth trauma

A

intraventricular ie subdural and subarachnoid

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3
Q

what should you rule out when suspecting incontinence and how?

A

UTI and DM
with urinalysis

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4
Q

whats normal vaginal pH?

A

4.0-4.5

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5
Q

what BG should a neonate be treated even if asymptomatic?

A

<1mmol/L -this is classified as very low blood glucose
start on IV 10% dextrose

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6
Q

what on bishop score scores 2

A

effacement= 60-70%
consistency= soft
dilation= 3-4cm
position= anterior
station=0

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7
Q

what usually happens to Hb and platelets in physiological pregnancy?

A

decrease
often dilutional

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8
Q

what usually happens to urine in physiological pregnancy?

A

increased protein loss
increased serum urea and creatinine

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9
Q

what LFT is most raised in biliary atresia?

A

GGT

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10
Q

what type of bilirubin is raised in biliary atresia?

A

conjugated

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11
Q

what abx is given for BV

A

oral metronidazole

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12
Q

what abx is given for trichomonas

A

oral metronidazole

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13
Q

what type of bacteria is gonorrhoea

A

gram neg diplococcus

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14
Q

what is done next if foetal heartbeat cant be found with handheld doppler

A

US

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15
Q

what are the rules for late changing of the patch?

A

at end of week 1 or 2= if under 48 hrs change immediately and no further action, if over 48 hrs barrier contraception for 7 days and emergency contraception if had sex

at end of week 3= remove and apply new patch as normal

at end of week 4 late patch application= barrier contraception for 7 days then as normal

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16
Q

how do you differentiate between infantile spasms and colic?

A

infantile spasms= child is distressed between spasms
colic= child is distressed during spasms

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17
Q

what are causes of post coital bleeding?

A

cervical ectropion
cervical polyps
cervical neoplasia
vaginal atrophy

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18
Q

how do you remember difference between gastroschisis and omphalocele

A

omphalocele= sealed in peritoneal sac

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19
Q

what genetic condition is associated with large head but small limbs

A

achondroplasia

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20
Q

what causes achondroplasia

A

activation of FGFR3 (fibroblast growth receptor 3)

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21
Q

in alcoholic dependance when are antidepressants considered?

A

after a month of sobriety

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22
Q

what therapy is first line for alcohol dependance?

A

group

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23
Q

what is karyoptype 46XY

A

androgen insensitivity syndrome

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24
Q

whats true incontinence

A

incontinence all the time associated with a fistula between the ureter and vagina

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25
Q

whats functional incontinence

A

incontinence associated with not being able to get to the toilet in time due to physical barriers/environment

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26
Q

what are the 2 causes of urge incontinence

A

detrusor activity dysfunction
overactive bladder

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27
Q

what age does the MCA apply for

A

over 16
if under 16 use gillick competence to assess capacity

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28
Q

how many principles are there in the MCA

A

5

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29
Q

when in the cycle does oestrogen peak

A

before ovulation

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30
Q

how long can you wait for the placenta to be delivered?

A

1 hr

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31
Q

what is placenta attached to in accreta/increta/percreta?

A

accreta= attached to myoterium
increta= invades into myometrium
percreta= invades through perimetrium

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32
Q

how many hrs after UPSI is ellaone and levonrgesteral effective?

A

ellaone= 120 hrs
levonorgesteral= 72 hrs

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33
Q

what congenital disorder is associated with development of ASD

A

fragile X

34
Q

whats the genetic abnormality in fragile x?

A

trinucleotide repeat on x chromosome

35
Q

what is a contraindication for lung transplant in those with cystic fibrosis?

A

chronic infection with bukholderia

36
Q

when do you refer someone for TVUS for intermittent bleeding on a new contraception?

A

persists more than 3 months

37
Q

what is AFP in downs syndrome?

A

low

38
Q

how does omphalocele affect AFP

A

causes high AFP

39
Q

what age does cervical smear routine screening change from every 3 years to every 5 years

A

50

40
Q

how is a formula fed baby with suspected cows milk protein intolerance mx

A

trial extensively hydrolysed formula

41
Q

what are top differentials in a child with abdo distention and bilious vomitting

A

malrotation
volvulus

42
Q

child with unilateral undescended testes review and surgery when

A

review 6-8 weeks
review 3 months
if undescended at 3 months, surgery at 6 months

43
Q

child with bilateral undescended testes review and surgery when

A

review and surgery within 24 hrs

44
Q

how long do copper IUDs last

A

5 or 10 yrs

45
Q

how is coarctation of the aorta mx

A

balloon angioplasty with or without stenting
can be treated surgically

46
Q

test done for gonorrhoea

A

NAAT

47
Q

apart from stepwise deterioration how can you identify vascular dementia

A

early gait disturbance, urinary incontinence, changes in concentration/mood

48
Q

high risk RF for pre eclampsia

A

previous pre eclampsia
hypertensive disease
diabetes
autoimmune conditions eg SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome

49
Q

trichomonas abx

A

metronidazole 400-500mg BD 7 days

50
Q

when is aciclovir given for herpes in pregnancy

A

during in infection
from 36 weeks onwards

51
Q

what medication for ovulation induction is most assoc with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome?

A

gonadotrophin therapy

52
Q

what features in a child are associated with perthes disease

A

hyperactvity
short stature
boy aged 5-12

53
Q

abx for mycoplasma pneumonia in children

A

macrolide
erythromycin/clarithromycin

54
Q

what do tocolytics do

A

reduce uterine contractions

55
Q

what murmur does anaemia cause

A

soft systolic

56
Q

medical conditions that increase the risk of endometrial cancer

A

diabetes
PCOS
HNPCC/lynch syndrome

57
Q

how long does capput succedaneum take to heal

A

few days

58
Q

abx for pertussis

A

azithro or clarithro if cough onset within past 21 days

59
Q

women with diabetes should give birth no later than

A

40+6 weeks

60
Q

women with diabetes should be induced at

A

37-38+6 weeks

61
Q

risk factors for pavlik harness splinting in DDH

A

avascular necrosis and femoral nerve palsy

62
Q

shaken baby syndrome triad

A

retinopathy
subdural haemorrhage
encephalopathy

63
Q

rules for when you need contrception if you are menopausal

A

1 year after cessation of menses if over 50
2 yrs after cessation of menses if under 50

64
Q

side effects of HRT

A

nausea
breast tenderness
fluid retention and weight gain

65
Q

adverse effects of HRT

A

increased risk of breast cancer (RR 1.26/5)
increased risk of endometrial cancer (not if progesterone is given continuously)
increased risk of VTE (not with transdermal patch)
increased risk of IHD if >10 yrs post menopause
increased risk of stroke

66
Q

meckels diverticulum age

A

2

67
Q

intussecption age

A

under 9 months

68
Q

where is atopic eczema usually present in an infant

A

face and trunk

69
Q

what ssri is used post MI

A

sertaline

70
Q

what are the gonads

A

ovaries and testes

71
Q

what conditions come under gonadal dysgenesis

A

turners syndrome

72
Q

how to identify toddlers diarrhoea

A

contains undigested food

73
Q

what sign on examination is specifically associated with pre eclampsia

A

brisk tendon reflexes

74
Q

pregnancy test positive after TOP for how long

A

4 weeks

75
Q

below what hb is iron supplementation needed in pregnancy

A

<110

76
Q

TVUS findings diagnostic of misscarriage

A

CRL >7mm
no foetal heartbeat

77
Q

when can hcg be detected

A

8 days after fertilisation

78
Q

what secretes hcg

A

syncitiotrophoblasts

79
Q

what is cerazette (deogesterel)

A

POP

80
Q

how can you differentiate cows milk protein intolerance from GORD

A

cows milk protein intolerance with have changes to stool and rashes

81
Q
A

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