Voice

Question 1

what is the opening between VF’s called?

Answer 1

glottis

Question 2

primary CN innervates larynx

Answer 2

X vagus

Question 3

other 2 nerves that innervate larynx

Answer 3

superior laryngeal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 4

what is maximum phonation time (MPT)?

Answer 4

client’s ability to sustain “ah”

Question 5

perceptual correlate of frequency is ____

Answer 5

pitch

Question 6

perceptual correlate of intensity is ____

Answer 6

volume

Question 7

pitch is determined by ____, ____, and ____ of VF’s

Answer 7

mass, tension, elasticity

Question 8

frequency perturbation or ______: variations in vocal ______

Answer 8

jitter; frequency

Question 9

patients with voice problems such as ______ or ______ might show jitter

Answer 9

tremor; hoarseness

Question 10

disturbances/movement in air particles is called ______

Answer 10

amplitude

Question 11

amplitude or ______: cycle-to-cycle variation in vocal ______

Answer 11

shimmer; intensity

Question 12

vocal quality: combo of breathiness and harshness from irregular VF vibrations

Answer 12

hoarseness

Question 13

vocal quality: rough, unpleasant, “gravelly” sounding

Answer 13

harshness

Question 14

harsh voice associated with muscular ____ and ____

Answer 14

effort

Question 15

vocal quality: VF’s slightly open, soft, with little variation in loudness

Answer 15

breathiness

Question 16

vocal quality: VF’s vibrate very slowly; voice: “crackly”

Answer 16

glottal fry

Question 17

vocal quality: shrill, unpleasant, high pitched, and “tinny”

Answer 17

strident

Question 18

tidal volume

Answer 18

amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing cycle

Question 19

vital capacity

Answer 19

volume of air exhaled after max inhalation

Question 20

total lung capacity

Answer 20

total volume of air in lungs

Question 21

cul-de-sac resonance

Answer 21

backward retraction of tongue; oral cavity closed at back and open in front- blocking sound waves from larynx because back is blocked

Question 22

supraglottic vs. glottic. vs. subglottic

Answer 22

above VF’s, at level of VF’s, below VF’s

Question 23

inflammatory vascular lesion on arytenoids; posterior; assoc with contact ulcers

Answer 23

granuloma

Question 24

soft, pliable, filled with blood

Answer 24

hemangioma

Question 25

precancerous benign growths of thick, whitish patches

Answer 25

leukoplakia

Question 26

rough, pinkish lesion

Answer 26

hyperkeratosis

Question 27

narrowing of subglottic space

Answer 27

subglottal stenosis

Question 28

wart-like growths from HPV

Answer 28

papilloma

Question 29

membrane that grows across anterior portion of glottis

Answer 29

laryngeal web

Question 30

bilateral and symmetrical; anterior; small blister-like swellings; red/pink; inability to sing high

Answer 30

vocal nodules

Question 31

SOFTER masses; filled with fluid; unilateral

Answer 31

polyps

Question 32

ulcerated, granulated tissue; posterior third of glottal margin

Answer 32

contact ulcers

Question 33

larynx: biological valve at top of trachea. it helps to do what?

Answer 33

close entry to trachea so food/liquid/particles don't enter lungs

Question 34

larynx also builds what?

Answer 34

air pressure

Question 34

reinke's edema

Answer 34

swelling of VF's decreased vocal pitch (so more easily found in women) smoking, GER, and vocal abuse causes it can cause SOB if large enough so quit smoking and treat GER

Question 35

decreased/insufficient intraoral breath pressure

Answer 35

hypernasal

Question 36

intrinsic muscles control what 3 things?

Answer 36

pitch, loudness, quality

Question 37

primary function of extrinsic muscles are what 2 things?

Answer 37

support larynx and fix it in position

Question 38

how many sets of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles?

Answer 38

1 set of intrinsic, 2 sets of extrinsic: suprahyoids and infrahyoids

Question 40

extrinsic muscles: suprahyoids (elevate larynx)

Answer 40

Dig My Style Genie | digastricus, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, geniohyoid

Question 41

extrinsic muscles: infrahyoids (pull larynx down)

Answer 41

TOSS | thyrohyoid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid

Question 42

5 intrinsic muscles (CT ILP)

Answer 42

cricothyroid (tenses VF's) thyroarytenoid (sound production) ``` interarytenoid (adducts VF's) lateral cricoarytenoid (adducts VF's) posterior cricoarytenoid (abducts VF's) ```

Question 43

on what sounds is hypernasality found?

Answer 43

vowels, because of VPI

Question 44

on what sounds is hyponasality found?

Answer 44

consonants, because of nasal air emissions

Question 45

some qualities of describing voice

Answer 45

hoarse, harsh, strained, breathy, glottal fry, diplophonia, stridency

Question 46

if disease is unilateral, this means voice will be what? and why? 1 example

Answer 46

diplophonia because one fold is vibrating at different rate than the other polyps

Question 47

name 4 voice disorders caused by vocal abuse

Answer 47

nodules, polyps, contact ulcers, reinke's edema

Question 48

perceptual evaluation consists of 5 things (looking at 5 different things)

Answer 48

pitch phonation loudness resonance respiration

Question 49

2 instrumental evaluations of voice pathologies

Answer 49

endoscopy: rigid (mouth) or flexible (nasal): structures videostroboscopy: function by slowing down VF's

Question 50

general treatments for voice disorders

Answer 50

education (increase awareness and better habits) vocal hygiene, vocal rest, voice tx medication surgery

Question 51

chromosome 15 is duplicated from father or deleted from mother

Answer 51

angleman syndrome

Question 52

autosomal dominant mutations; syndactly and craniosynostosis

Answer 52

apert syndrome

Question 53

absence of short arm of 5th chromosome (5p)

Answer 53

cri du chat

Question 54

autosomal dominant inheritance; craniosynostosis, wide set eyes, bradycephaly

Answer 54

crouzon syndrome

Question 55

extra chromosome 21

Answer 55

downs

Question 56

expansion of nuclei acid CGG which repeats too often on FMRI gene

Answer 56

fragile X

Question 57

autosomal recessive deficiency of X-L iduronidase

Answer 57

hurler's

Question 58

mutations in FBN1 gene

Answer 58

marfan syndrome

Question 59

failure of development of motor nuclei of cranial nerves

Answer 59

moebius syndrome

Question 60

autosomal recessive inheritance; micrognathia, cleft soft palate, glossoptosis (tongue: posterior)

Answer 60

pierre robin

Question 61

deletion in long arm of chromosome 15

Answer 61

prader willi

Question 62

extra copy of chromosome 13

Answer 62

trisomy 13

Question 63

missing/deformed X chromosome

Answer 63

turner syndrome in females, noonan syndrome in both

Question 64

elfin-face syndrome

Answer 64

williams syndrome

Question 65

autosomal dominant mutation autosomal dominant inheritance autosomal recessive inheritance

Answer 65

apert crouzon pierre robin