Language development in CH

Question 1

morphology

Answer 1

word structure

Question 2

morpheme

Answer 2

smallest meaningful unit of language

Question 3

free/base/root morphemes

Answer 3

-words that have meaning -cannot be broken down into smaller parts
-can have other morphemes added to them
{book, color, establish}

Question 4

bound/grammatical morphemes

Answer 4

-cannot convey meaning by themselves
-must be joined with free morphemes
{-s, -ed, -ing}

Question 5

allomorphs

Answer 5

variations of morphemes that do NOT affect meaning

{leaves (z), cats (s)}

Question 6

syntax

Answer 6

sentence structure

Question 7

6 types of sentences

Answer 7

• passive (subject receives action)
• active (subject performs action)
• imperative (command)
• interrogative (question)
• declarative (statement)
• exclamatory (!)

Question 8

compound sentence contains what?

Answer 8

2 or more independent clauses joined by a comma and a conjunction (and) or a semicolon

Question 9

complex sentence contains what?

Answer 9

one independent clause and one or more dependent clause

Question 10

what is the basic structure of a sentence in English?

Answer 10

subject + verb + object

Question 11

semantics

Answer 11

word meaning (vocab)

Question 12

semantic categories (r, r, c)

Answer 12

recurrence (concept of more)
rejection (no)
causality (cause and effect)

Question 13

overextension vs. underextension

Answer 13

all round items are balls

only an oreo is a cookie, not a snickerdoodle

Question 14

quick incidental learning/fast mapping

Answer 14

CH’s ability to learn a new word on basis of just a few exposures to it

Question 15

pragmatics

Answer 15

rules that govern use of language in social situations

Question 16

pragmatics considers ____ and ____ of utterance

Answer 16

context and function

Question 17

language has 3 functions. what are they?

Answer 17

labeling (naming); protesting (objecting);

commenting (describing)

Question 18

context of language includes these 3 w’s

Answer 18

who
what
where

Question 19

motherese/CDS (ch directed speech)

Answer 19

higher pitch
greater pitch fluctuations
slower rate
clear, fluent speech
simpler utterances
longer pauses between utterances
shorter utterances

Question 20

2 pragmatic skills that develop in infancy

Answer 20

turn taking and eye contact

Question 21

research: 2 factors associated with more rapid, rich language development in infants and young CH

Answer 21

amount of talking and CG responsiveness

Question 22

piaget’s stages of cognitive development in order (she put crayons first)

Answer 22

sensorimotor
pre operational
concrete operations
formal operations

Question 23

piaget’s stages ages

Answer 23

0-2
2-7
7-11
more than 11

Question 24

first 8 grammatical morphemes

Answer 24

-ing
in
on
regular -s
irregular past tense verbs
possessive -s
uncontractible copula
articles

Question 25

last 6 grammatical morphemes

Answer 25

``` regular past tense -ed regular third person -s (cook/cooks) irregular third person (do/does) uncontractible auxiliary (was) contractible copula (he is) contractible auxiliary (mom is) ```

Question 26

who and what re: behaviorist theory (3)

Answer 26

skinner; verbal behavior: echoics, mands, tact

Question 27

who and what re: social interactionism theory

Answer 27

vygotsky; language function (not structure) from social interactions

Question 28

who and what re: cognitive theory

Answer 28

piaget; cognition: 4 stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations

Question 29

piaget's stages info: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, formal

Answer 29

sensorimotor: means-end behavior, symbolic play, object permanence; preoperational: egocentric, over/under extensions; concrete: others POV; formal: abstract thinking and reasoning

Question 30

who and what re: nativist theory

Answer 30

chomsky; LAD; innate capacity to learn language; reinforcement unnecessary- why?