Phonetics Flashcards
phonemes
smallest units of sound that can affect meaning
allophones
variations of phonemes that do NOT affect meaning
syllable
smallest phonetic unit
3 parts of a syllable
onset, nucleus and coda (rhyme)
cognate pairs
place and manner same, voicing different
/p, b/ and /k, g/
how are vowels produced?
open vocal tract
from VF’s to lips; no points of constriction
why are all vowels voiced?
source is the vocal folds
what are diphthongs?
slow gliding movement from one vowel to another (from onglide to offglide)
what are suprasegmentals?
features of prosody that add meaning/variety to speech
the # of times a cycle of vibrations repeats itself within a second is called what?
frequency (of vibration)
a tone that contains a single frequency is what kind of tone?
pure tone
simple harmonic motion is a tone of _____
single frequency that repeats itself
a complex tone is when ______; can be what?
2 or more tones of differing frequencies are combined;
periodic or aperiodic
what is the amount of molecular displacement per unit of time?
velocity
changes in this = acceleration or deceleration
what is frequency?
number of cycles per second, in hertz
what is period?
time for a cycle to be completed
variations in f of vibration create variations in sensation called what?
pitch
amplitude is the measure of what?
intensity of sound
spectrogram displays what?
frequency over time and intensity
what is the fundamental frequency (ff)?
lowest frequency of a periodic wave aka first harmonic
generally, F1 varies as a result of what?
tongue HEIGHT
generally, F2 varies as a result of what?
tongue ADVANCEMENT
average ff’s of adult male, female, and CH
male: 125Hz;
female: 225Hz;
CH: 425Hz
amplitude is measured in what?
dB
