Phonetics

Question 1

phonemes

Answer 1

smallest units of sound that can affect meaning

Question 2

allophones

Answer 2

variations of phonemes that do NOT affect meaning

Question 3

syllable

Answer 3

smallest phonetic unit

Question 4

3 parts of a syllable

Answer 4

onset, nucleus and coda (rhyme)

Question 5

cognate pairs

Answer 5

place and manner same, voicing different

/p, b/ and /k, g/

Question 6

how are vowels produced?

Answer 6

open vocal tract

from VF’s to lips; no points of constriction

Question 7

why are all vowels voiced?

Answer 7

source is the vocal folds

Question 8

what are diphthongs?

Answer 8

slow gliding movement from one vowel to another (from onglide to offglide)

Question 9

what are suprasegmentals?

Answer 9

features of prosody that add meaning/variety to speech

Question 10

the # of times a cycle of vibrations repeats itself within a second is called what?

Answer 10

frequency (of vibration)

Question 11

a tone that contains a single frequency is what kind of tone?

Answer 11

pure tone

Question 12

simple harmonic motion is a tone of _____

Answer 12

single frequency that repeats itself

Question 13

a complex tone is when ______; can be what?

Answer 13

2 or more tones of differing frequencies are combined;

periodic or aperiodic

Question 14

what is the amount of molecular displacement per unit of time?

Answer 14

velocity

changes in this = acceleration or deceleration

Question 15

what is frequency?

Answer 15

number of cycles per second, in hertz

Question 16

what is period?

Answer 16

time for a cycle to be completed

Question 17

variations in f of vibration create variations in sensation called what?

Answer 17

pitch

Question 18

amplitude is the measure of what?

Answer 18

intensity of sound

Question 19

spectrogram displays what?

Answer 19

frequency over time and intensity

Question 20

what is the fundamental frequency (ff)?

Answer 20

lowest frequency of a periodic wave aka first harmonic

Question 21

generally, F1 varies as a result of what?

Answer 21

tongue HEIGHT

Question 22

generally, F2 varies as a result of what?

Answer 22

tongue ADVANCEMENT

Question 23

average ff’s of adult male, female, and CH

Answer 23

male: 125Hz;
female: 225Hz;
CH: 425Hz

Question 24

amplitude is measured in what?

Answer 24

dB

Question 25

frequency is measured in what?

Answer 25

Hz

Question 26

pitch is measured in what?

Answer 26

mels

Question 27

period is measured in what?

Answer 27

ms

Question 28

sound travels through air at approximately what 2 measures? (meters and feet)

Answer 28

344 meters per second or 1130 feet per second

Question 29

jitter vs shimmer

Answer 29

jitter: FREQUENCY abnormalities;
shimmer: AMPLITUDE abnormalities

Question 30

systems of language vs speech production systems

Answer 30

systems of language: phonology, morphology, semantics, syntax, prosody, pragmatics;
speech production systems: respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, prosody